OpenEPCIS DPP Core Vocabulary
Core vocabulary for Digital Product Passports aligned with the EU Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) EU 2024/1781 and GS1 DPP Standards. OpenEPCIS DPP-Ready: The Universal DPP Platform - harmonizing GS1, UNTP, and CIRPASS2 standards. This vocabulary provides shared patterns reusable across domain-specific regulations (Battery, EUDR, Textile, Electronics, etc.) and supports the ESPR framework including: - Economic operator identification (EOID per ESPR Article 77) - Facility information (manufacturing location data) - Performance and durability information - Repairability and maintenance data - Substances of concern (SCIP database alignment) - Circularity information (end-of-life, recycling) - Due diligence reporting (supply chain transparency) - Document references (reports, certificates, guides) - Access rights (public vs authorized data per ESPR Article 9) - Emissions performance (carbon footprint with UNTP alignment) - Traceability performance (supply chain verification metrics) GS1 Web Vocabulary patterns to use: - For certifications: gs1:certification with gs1:CertificationDetails - For warranty: gs1:warranty with gs1:WarrantyPromise - For regulatory compliance: gs1:regulatoryInformation with gs1:RegulatoryInformation - For documents: gs1:referencedFile with gs1:ReferencedFileDetails - For recycling text: gs1:consumerRecyclingInstructions UNTP Alignment: Property naming, patterns, and value conventions are aligned with UN Transparency Protocol (UNTP) to enable native interoperability. Cross-vocabulary mappings are declared via graded SKOS relations (skos:exactMatch for 1:1, skos:closeMatch for approximate, skos:broadMatch where this term is narrower). All ratio/fraction properties use 0-1 decimal scale (e.g., 0.45 = 45%). EPCIS 2.0 Extension Declaration: GS1-Extensions: oec=https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/common/core/ Extension Governance: This vocabulary extends GS1 Web Vocabulary only where no equivalent term exists. Each extension term includes: - dcterms:source linking to the regulatory requirement - skos:note explaining why the extension is needed - rdfs:seeAlso linking to related GS1/schema.org/UNTP terms where applicable - a graded SKOS mapping relation (skos:exactMatch / skos:closeMatch / skos:broadMatch) where a cross-vocabulary match exists Domain-specific vocabularies import this core and add regulation-specific extensions.
Aligned with UN Transparency Protocol patterns
Operator Information
Economic operator information as required by various EU regulations. Captures manufacturer, importer, distributor, and other operator roles. Use gs1:globalLocationNumber for operator identification (inherited from gs1:Organization). Use GS1 Digital Link format: https://id.gs1.org/417/{GLN}
Extension of gs1:Organization to capture ESPR-specific operator role requirements. Use gs1:globalLocationNumber for operator GLN, gs1:organizationName for name. GS1 Web Vocabulary provides gs1:Organization but lacks the specific operator role enumeration required by EU Market Surveillance Regulation 2019/1020 and ESPR Article 77. Related to (but NOT owl:equivalentClass with) cv:LegalEntity in the EU SEMICeu Core Business Vocabulary. The two extensions overlap but neither contains the other: cv:LegalEntity is broader on the non-operator side (charities, non-profits, government bodies that are legal entities but not ESPR operators) and stricter on the registration side (some jurisdictions treat sole-proprietor operators as natural persons, not legal entities). Use cv:LegalEntity for EU-portal interoperability when the operator is known to be a legally-registered business; the rdfs:seeAlso anchor is intentional and the strongest formal claim that holds in general.
Due Diligence Report
Supply chain due diligence information supporting transparency requirements. Reusable across Battery Regulation Art. 39, EUDR, and other due diligence frameworks.
Required extension: GS1 Web Vocabulary does not provide a class for supply chain due diligence reporting. This is mandated by EU Battery Regulation Art. 39 and EUDR. Anchored as rdfs:subClassOf cccev:Evidence (EU SEMICeu Core Criterion and Evidence Vocabulary, http://data.europa.eu/m8g/Evidence), every due-diligence report is evidence supporting a regulatory cccev:Requirement, but cccev:Evidence is much broader (test reports, certificates, attestations, audit logs) so the relationship is subClassOf, not owl:equivalentClass. CCCEV is the EU upstream of the UNTP conformity model.
Circularity Performance
Information supporting circular economy requirements including end-of-life handling, recycling, waste prevention, and circularity metrics. Aligned with UNTP CircularityPerformance pattern.
Required extension: GS1 provides gs1:consumerRecyclingInstructions for text-based recycling guidance but lacks structured circularity data (recyclability rates, end-of-life URLs, waste prevention info) required by ESPR. Use gs1:consumerRecyclingInstructions for simple text. Aligned with UNTP CircularityPerformance for interoperability.
Hazardous Substance
A hazardous substance declaration per EU CLP Regulation 1272/2008. Reusable across product categories.
Required extension: GS1 Web Vocabulary provides allergen tracking (gs1:hasAllergen) for food products but lacks hazardous substance classes for industrial products per EU CLP Regulation 1272/2008. This class supports REACH, SCIP, and ESPR requirements.
Document Reference
Reference to an external document such as reports, certificates, manuals, or guides. Supports multiple languages and formats. See also gs1:ReferencedFileDetails for GS1 Web Vocabulary equivalent.
PREFER gs1:ReferencedFileDetails where possible. This class provides equivalent functionality with additional ESPR-specific document types. Use gs1:referencedFile property with gs1:ReferencedFileDetails for standard documents (manuals, certificates). Use oec:DocumentReference only when ESPR-specific document types are required.
Recycled Content
Declaration of recycled material content with pre-consumer and post-consumer splits.
Required extension: GS1 Web Vocabulary does not provide structured recycled content properties. ESPR and Battery Regulation require pre-consumer/post-consumer breakdown which is not available in GS1 vocabulary. Aligned with GDSN sustainability attributes.
Material Composition
Material composition information including source country, percentage, and critical raw material classification.
Required extension: GS1 provides gs1:TextileMaterialDetails and gs1:PackagingMaterialDetails for specific domains but lacks a generic material composition class with CAS/EC number support and critical raw material flags required by ESPR.
Facility Information
Manufacturing or processing facility information per ESPR. Captures facility identification, location, and certification data. Use gs1:globalLocationNumber for facility identification, schema:name for facility name, gs1:address for location (all inherited from gs1:Place). Use GS1 Digital Link format: https://id.gs1.org/414/{GLN}
Extension of gs1:Place to capture ESPR-specific facility requirements. Use gs1:globalLocationNumber for facility GLN identification, schema:name for facility name, gs1:address for location. GS1 provides gs1:Place but lacks facility certification and type properties required by ESPR. Aligned with UNTP Facility for Digital Facility Record (DFR) interoperability. Anchored to locn:Location (EU SEMICeu Core Location Vocabulary, http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#) for EU-portal interoperability: locn:Address and locn:Geometry are the canonical sub-structures for the address and geographic-coordinate parts.
Substance of Concern
Substances of concern declaration aligned with SCIP database and ESPR requirements. Extends HazardousSubstance for detailed tracking.
Required extension: SCIP database integration requires specific fields (SCIP ID, EC Number, safe use instructions) not available in GS1 Web Vocabulary. Supports REACH Article 33 and Waste Framework Directive requirements.
Performance Information
Product performance and durability information per ESPR Article 7. Captures expected lifespan, usage cycles, and performance metrics.
Required extension: GS1 provides gs1:warranty for warranty information but lacks structured performance and durability data (expected lifespan, usage cycles, performance class) required by ESPR Article 7. Use in conjunction with gs1:warranty where applicable.
Repairability Information
Repair and maintenance information per ESPR Article 7. Captures repair scores, spare part availability, and repair instructions.
Required extension: ESPR Article 7 mandates repairability scores (French Indice de Réparabilité style), spare parts availability periods, and DIY repair information not available in GS1 Web Vocabulary. Use gs1:referencedFile for repair manuals.
Access Rights
Access control for DPP data per ESPR Article 9. Defines which data is publicly accessible vs. restricted to authorized parties.
Required extension: ESPR Article 9 defines three access levels (Public, Authorized, Restricted) for DPP data. GS1 Web Vocabulary does not provide access control semantics. This supports the ESPR requirement for tiered data access.
Emissions Performance
Container for greenhouse gas emissions data including carbon footprint, lifecycle phases, and verification status. Aligned with UNTP EmissionsPerformance.
Required extension: Structured emissions performance data for ESPR requirements. Aligned with UNTP EmissionsPerformance for interoperability. Extends the GDSN CFP pattern with operational scope and verification metrics.
Traceability Performance
Supply chain verification and traceability metrics indicating the proportion of materials that are verifiably traced through the supply chain.
Required extension: ESPR and due diligence regulations require traceability metrics. Aligned with UNTP TraceabilityPerformance for supply chain transparency reporting.
Operator Role
Role of an economic operator in the supply chain.
Manufacturer
Entity that produces the product, including own-brand labellers per EU Market Surveillance Regulation 2019/1020.
Importer
Entity established in the EU that places a product from a third country on the Union market.
Distributor
Entity in the supply chain that makes a product available on the market, other than manufacturer or importer.
Processor
Entity that processes raw materials or components into finished or intermediate products.
Trader
Entity that buys and sells products without significant modification or processing.
Authorised Representative
Entity authorised by manufacturer to act on their behalf for specific tasks (per ESPR Article 16).
Fulfilment Service Provider
Entity providing fulfilment services including warehousing and order processing (per ESPR Article 17).
Access Level
Access levels for DPP data per ESPR Article 9.
Public
Data accessible to all users (consumers, market surveillance, customs). Per ESPR Article 9(1).
Authorized Only
Data accessible only to market surveillance authorities and customs. Per ESPR Article 9(2).
Restricted
Data accessible only to specific authorized economic operators. Per ESPR Article 9(3).
Passport Status
Lifecycle status of a Digital Product Passport (EN 18223 dppStatus). Values are the lowercase string tokens given by skos:notation.
Base values active/inactive/archived/invalid per EN 18223 Table 1; draft/withdrawn/suspended are EPCIS4DPP profile extensions permitted by 'further values by relevant legal acts'.
Active
Passport is published and represents the current state of the product.
Inactive
Passport is not currently in force (EN 18223 base value).
Archived
Passport is archived after product end-of-life. Data persisted per EN 18221.
Invalid
Passport is no longer valid (EN 18223 base value, e.g. revoked).
Draft
EPCIS4DPP extension: passport is being prepared and not yet publicly available.
Withdrawn
EPCIS4DPP extension: passport withdrawn (e.g. product recall); a specific kind of invalid.
Suspended
EPCIS4DPP extension: temporarily not in force (e.g. pending investigation); a specific kind of inactive.
DPP Granularity
Reporting granularity of a Digital Product Passport: which level of the product hierarchy a given attribute set describes.
Introduced by BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Longlist v1.3 (March 2026) to align EU Battery Passport reporting with CEN/CENELEC JTC-24 drafts. Some attributes (e.g. recycled-content shares, carbon-footprint label) are reported at batch level, others at model or item level.
Battery model
Attribute reported once per battery model (e.g. nominal voltage, expected cycle life). Model master data has a single source of truth: the same model built at different manufacturing sites is NOT a distinct granularity level. Site is a source/location dimension carried by EPCIS events (readPoint / bizLocation); facts that vary per production run are reported at BatchLevel.
Battery model per calendar year and per manufacturing site (batch)
Attribute reported per batch: model, calendar year, manufacturing site (e.g. carbon footprint, recycled-content shares).
Individual battery item
Attribute reported per individual serial-numbered battery (e.g. serial number, state of health, cycle count).
Reporting Granularity
BatteryPass per-attribute reporting granularity (model / model-per-site / batch / item). Distinct from the passport-level EN 18223 'granularity' (oec:granularityLevel).
BatteryPass-Ready v1.3 longlist attribute #3. Renamed from oec:granularity to free the 'granularity' key for the EN 18223 passport-level attribute (oec:granularityLevel).
Last Updated
Date and time of the latest update to the DPP instance (EN 18223 lastUpdated), UTC, ISO 8601.
Consolidates the former oec:lastUpdate (BatteryPass-Ready v1.3 #4) and oec:passportLastModified into the EN 18223 'lastUpdated' attribute.
Product Category
ESPR priority product categories per Annex I and delegated acts.
Batteries
Batteries and accumulators per EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542.
Textiles
Textile products including apparel, footwear, and home textiles.
Electronics
Electronic and electrical equipment including ICT and consumer electronics.
Furniture
Furniture products including domestic and office furniture.
Tyres
Tyres for motor vehicles and their trailers.
Construction Products
Construction products per Construction Products Regulation.
Chemicals
Chemical substances and mixtures.
Packaging
Packaging and packaging waste products.
Food Contact Materials
Materials and articles intended for food contact.
Iron and Steel
Iron and steel intermediate products.
Aluminium
Aluminium intermediate products.
Hazard Class
Hazard classification categories per EU CLP Regulation.
Acute Toxicity
Substances causing harmful effects after single or short-term exposure via oral, dermal, or inhalation routes.
Skin Corrosion or Irritation
Substances causing irreversible damage (corrosion) or reversible damage (irritation) to skin tissue.
Eye Damage or Irritation
Substances causing serious eye damage or reversible eye irritation upon contact.
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization
Substances causing hypersensitivity of airways (asthma) or allergic skin reactions after exposure.
Germ Cell Mutagenicity
Substances that may cause heritable genetic mutations in human germ cells.
Carcinogenicity
Substances known or suspected to cause cancer in humans.
Reproductive Toxicity
Substances adversely affecting sexual function, fertility, or development of offspring.
Specific Target Organ Toxicity
Substances causing non-lethal damage to specific organs after single or repeated exposure.
Aspiration Hazard
Liquid or solid substances causing chemical pneumonia or pulmonary injury if aspirated into airways.
Hazardous to Aquatic Environment
Substances posing acute or chronic toxicity risks to aquatic organisms and ecosystems.
Document Type
Types of supporting documents for DPP. See also gs1:ReferencedFileTypeCode for GS1 standard document types (PRODUCT_MANUAL, SAFETY_DATA_SHEET, CERTIFICATE, etc.).
Due Diligence Document
Documentation of supply chain due diligence processes and risk assessments.
Certificate
Official certificate from accredited body (ISO, environmental, quality certifications).
Test Report
Technical test results from accredited laboratory or testing facility.
Manual
User manual, installation guide, or maintenance documentation.
Declaration of Conformity
EU Declaration of Conformity stating compliance with applicable EU legislation.
Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) per REACH Regulation providing hazard information.
Environmental Report
Environmental impact assessment, carbon footprint study, or LCA report.
Third Party Verification
Independent verification report from accredited third-party auditor.
Operational Scope
Lifecycle boundary for emissions or environmental impact calculations.
Cradle to Gate
Emissions from raw material extraction through manufacturing, excluding use phase and end-of-life.
Cradle to Grave
Full lifecycle emissions including raw materials, manufacturing, use phase, and end-of-life.
Granularity Level
Passport-level granularity per EN 18223 'granularity': model, batch, or item. Values are the lowercase string tokens given by skos:notation. In EPCIS4DPP the level is derived from the GS1 Digital Link Application Identifiers.
Model
DPP data applies to all products of this model or class. GS1 Digital Link 01/{gtin}.
Batch
DPP data applies to a specific production batch. GS1 Digital Link 01/{gtin}/10/{lot}.
Item
DPP data applies to an individual serialized item. GS1 Digital Link 01/{gtin}/21/{serial}.
Economic operator responsible for the product.
Economic-operator / facility pattern per ESPR 2024/1781 Article 77. Anchored to SEMICeu CPOV / GS1 where applicable.
Role of the economic operator (manufacturer, importer, etc.).
Registration Number
Official registration or license number.
Cross-cutting Digital Product Passport pattern under ESPR 2024/1781, reusable across regulation modules. Anchored upward to GS1/SEMICeu/schema.org/UNTP where an equivalent exists.
Reference to due diligence documentation.
Report URL
URL to the due diligence report.
Third Party Assurances URL
URL to third party verification or assurances.
Report Date
Date of the due diligence report.
Verification Body
Organization that performed third-party verification.
Hazardous Substances
Hazardous substances present in the product.
Substance-of-concern pattern aligned with CLP (EC) 1272/2008 and the ECHA SCIP database. Reusable across regulation modules.
CLP Regulation hazard classification.
CAS Number
Chemical Abstracts Service registry number.
IUPAC Name
Systematic IUPAC chemical name of the substance, complementing the CAS/EC registry numbers.
Required extension: GS1 Web Vocabulary has no IUPAC-name property. Anchored to DPP Keystone dppk:componentIupacName (peer DPP profile) for interoperability.
Concentration
Concentration of the hazardous substance as percentage.
Hazard Impact
Description of the hazard impact.
Documents
Supporting documents for the product.
Document URL
URL to the document. See also gs1:referencedFileURL.
MIME Type
Language Code
ISO 639-1 language code. See also gs1:fileLanguageCode.
Issue Date
Circularity performance data for the product.
Cross-cutting circularity pattern per ESPR 2024/1781 Article 7, reusable across regulation modules.
Recyclable Content
Fraction of product that can be recycled (0-1 scale where 0.45 = 45%).
Value is a decimal fraction 0-1. Aligned with UNTP recyclableContent.
End of Life Instructions
URL to end-of-life handling instructions. For text-based recycling guidance, see gs1:consumerRecyclingInstructions.
Waste Prevention Info
URL to waste prevention information. For text-based recycling guidance, see gs1:consumerRecyclingInstructions.
Separate Collection Info
URL to separate collection requirements. For text-based recycling guidance, see gs1:consumerRecyclingInstructions.
Dismantling Instructions
Utility Factor
Durability of the product relative to industry average (1.0 = average). A value >1 indicates above-average durability.
Material Circularity Indicator
Overall circularity score combining recycled input, recyclability, and utility (0-1 scale).
Value is a decimal fraction 0-1. Based on Ellen MacArthur Foundation MCI methodology. Aligned with UNTP.
Recycled Content Details
Detailed recycled content breakdown with pre/post-consumer splits.
Total fraction of recycled content (0-1 scale where 0.45 = 45%).
Value is a decimal fraction 0-1. Aligned with UNTP recycledContent.
Pre-Consumer Recycled Content
Fraction of pre-consumer (post-industrial) recycled content (0-1 scale).
Value is a decimal fraction 0-1.
Post-Consumer Recycled Content
Fraction of post-consumer recycled content (0-1 scale).
Mass Fraction
Mass fraction of this material (0-1 scale where 0.45 = 45%).
Value is a decimal fraction 0-1. Aligned with UNTP massFraction.
Is Critical Raw Material
Whether this material is on the EU Critical Raw Materials list.
Component Name
Human-readable name of the material or component (e.g. a fibre type, alloy, or constituent material).
Generic component-naming pattern shared by textile fibre composition, steel material composition, and substance declarations. Anchored to DPP Keystone dppk:componentName (peer DPP profile) and schema:name.
Component Identifier
Identifier for the material or component (e.g. an internal material code or GS1 identifier).
Generic component-identifier pattern. Anchored to DPP Keystone dppk:componentIdentifier (peer DPP profile) and schema:identifier.
Emissions performance data container. Aligned with UNTP EmissionsPerformance.
Cross-cutting carbon / emissions performance pattern aligned with ESPR 2024/1781 and the UN Transparency Protocol (UNTP).
Carbon Footprint
Carbon footprint measurement for the product.
Required extension: GS1 GDSN provides carbon footprint attributes but they are not yet part of GS1 Web Vocabulary. This property aligns with the GDSN CFP Implementation Guideline. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue for the measurement value with appropriate unitCode.
Carbon Footprint Total
Total lifecycle carbon footprint in kg CO2e. Aligned with UNTP carbonFootprint.
Aligned with GDSN CarbonFootprintHeader/cfpValue and UNTP carbonFootprint. Value in kg CO2 equivalent.
Declared Unit
Functional unit for carbon footprint or other metrics (e.g., kg CO2e/kWh, kg CO2e/kg). Aligned with UNTP declaredUnit.
Aligned with GDSN cfpFunctionalUnit and UNTP declaredUnit. Specifies the reference unit for measurements.
Carbon Footprint Study URL
URL to the full carbon footprint study.
Consider also using gs1:referencedFile with gs1:ReferencedFileTypeCode-CERTIFICATION for the study document.
Lifecycle boundary for emissions calculation (CradleToGate or CradleToGrave).
Primary Sourced Ratio
Proportion of data from direct measurement vs estimates (0-1 scale).
Value is a decimal fraction 0-1. Higher values indicate more reliable data from direct measurement. Aligned with UNTP.
Last Data Update
Timestamp of the last update to the DPP data.
Data Quality Assessment
Assessment of data quality and completeness (A-E rating).
Data Provider Certification
Certification or accreditation of the data provider.
Traceability performance metrics for supply chain verification.
Verified Ratio
Proportion of materials verifiably traced through the supply chain (0-1 scale).
Value is a decimal fraction 0-1. Higher values indicate better supply chain traceability. Aligned with UNTP.
Passport-level granularity (EN 18223 'granularity'): the string token 'model', 'batch', or 'item' (see oec:GranularityLevel).
EN 18223 'granularity'. Allowed values model/batch/item; in EPCIS4DPP derived from the GS1 Digital Link AIs (01 model, 01+10 batch, 01+21 item).
Compliance Date
Date of compliance verification.
Compliance Status
Current compliance status.
Economic Operator ID
Unique EOID from the EU economic operator registry per ESPR Article 77. This replaces individual national registrations with a single EU-wide identifier.
EORI Number
Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number for customs purposes.
Manufacturing or processing facility details.
Facility Type
Type of facility (manufacturing, processing, assembly, etc.).
Facility Certifications
Certifications held by the facility (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, etc.).
Substances of Concern
List of substances of concern present in the product per ESPR and SCIP database requirements.
EC Number
European Community number for the substance (EINECS/ELINCS).
SCIP ID
Identifier in the ECHA SCIP database (Substances of Concern In Products).
Substance Location
Location or component where the substance is present in the product.
Safe Use Instructions
Instructions for safe use of the product containing the substance of concern.
Safe Disassembly Instructions
Instructions for safe disassembly and handling of components containing the substance.
Product performance and durability information.
Expected Lifespan
Expected product lifespan. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode (e.g., 'ANN' for years).
Guaranteed Lifespan
Guaranteed minimum product lifespan per manufacturer warranty. Use unitCode 'ANN' (UN/CEFACT Rec 20).
Usage Cycles
Number of expected usage cycles (e.g., charging cycles for batteries).
Technical Lifetime
Technical lifetime under specified conditions. Use unitCode 'ANN' (UN/CEFACT Rec 20).
Performance Class
Performance or efficiency class (e.g., A+++ to G for energy labels).
Tested Conditions
Description of conditions under which performance was tested.
Repair and maintenance information for the product.
Repairability Score
Repairability index score (typically 0-10 scale, e.g., French Indice de Réparabilité).
Repairability Class
Repairability class (A to E, where A is most repairable).
Spare Parts Availability
Duration for which spare parts will be available. Use gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'ANN' for years.
Repair Instructions
URL or reference to repair instructions and manuals.
Professional Repair Network
URL to find authorized repair service providers.
DIY Repair Possible
Whether the product can be repaired by consumers (do-it-yourself repair).
Software Updates Availability
Duration for which software/firmware updates will be provided. Use unitCode 'ANN' (UN/CEFACT Rec 20).
Access control configuration for this data element.
The access level for this data (Public, AuthorizedOnly, Restricted).
Authorized Parties
List of parties authorized to access restricted data.
Data Retention Period
How long the data must be retained per regulatory requirements. Use unitCode 'ANN' (UN/CEFACT Rec 20).
ESPR product category classification.
Passport Identifier
Globally unique identifier (URI) for this DPP instance (EN 18223 'digitalProductPassportId'; JSON key digitalProductPassportId).
Passport Version
Version of this Digital Product Passport.
Passport Issue Date
Date when this Digital Product Passport was issued.
Lifecycle status of this DPP (EN 18223 'dppStatus'): a lowercase string token (see oec:PassportStatus).
EN 18223 'dppStatus'. Base values active/inactive/archived/invalid; EPCIS4DPP adds draft/withdrawn/suspended.
Passport Expiry Date
Date when this Digital Product Passport expires or requires renewal.
ESPR requires DPP data to remain available for a period defined in delegated acts.
Passport Issuer
Economic operator responsible for issuing and maintaining this Digital Product Passport.
ESPR Article 9 requires clear identification of the responsible economic operator.
Previous Passport Version
Reference to the previous version of this passport, supporting version history per EN 18221.
Supports the EN 18221 requirement that previous versions remain available.
Digital Product Passport
The DPP envelope: identification and lifecycle metadata plus the product data elements, per the EN 18223 information model.
EN 18223 DigitalProductPassport. Attributes: digitalProductPassportId (oec:passportIdentifier), uniqueProductIdentifier, granularity (oec:granularityLevel), dppSchemaVersion, dppStatus (oec:passportStatus), lastUpdated, economicOperatorId, facilityId, contentSpecificationIds, plus product data elements.
DPP Schema Version
The schema or standard version the DPP instance conforms to (EN 18223 'dppSchemaVersion'). Distinct from the content version oec:passportVersion.
Facility Identifier
Identifier of a facility involved in the product's life cycle (EN 18223 'facilityId', formatted per EN 18219). In EPCIS4DPP a GLN. See oec:FacilityInformation for the richer facility record.
Content Specification Identifier
Reference to a horizontal or product-type content specification for the DPP (EN 18223 'contentSpecificationIds'). In EPCIS4DPP mirrors the declared GS1-Extensions namespaces.
Data Element
Abstract base for a DPP data point (EN 18223 4.1.2.3). Not used directly; see its subclasses.
Data Element Collection
A container of one or more DataElements (EN 18223 4.1.2.4).
Single-Valued Data Element
A single data point with one value (EN 18223 4.1.2.5).
Multi-Valued Data Element
An ordered list of DataElements of the same type (EN 18223 4.1.2.6).
Multi-Language Data Element
A language-dependent data point carrying one or more language-tagged values (EN 18223 4.1.2.8).
Multi-Language Value
A language-tagged value: a string plus its language (EN 18223 4.1.2.8.2).
Element Id
Identifier of a DataElement, unique within its container (EN 18223 4.1.2.3).
Dictionary Reference
Reference to the data-point definition in a data dictionary (EN 18223 4.1.2.3). In EPCIS4DPP a ref.openepcis.io term IRI; ref.openepcis.io is the EN 18223 4.3 data-dictionary repository.
Value Data Type
XSD data type of the value (EN 18223 4.1.2.9), for example "xsd:integer".
Value
The value of a SingleValuedDataElement or MultiLanguageValue (EN 18223 4.1.2.5, 4.1.2.8.2). Any JSON data type.
Member DataElement of a DigitalProductPassport, DataElementCollection, or MultiValuedDataElement (EN 18223 4.1.2.4, 4.1.2.6).
A language-tagged value of a MultiLanguageDataElement (EN 18223 4.1.2.8).
Language
Language tag of a value (EN 18223 4.1.2.8.2): ISO 639 language plus EN ISO 3166-1 country, for example "en-GB".
Activity Classification
Industry/economic activity classification code (UN ISIC, EU NACE, US NAICS).
Use standard classification codes: ISIC Rev.4, NACE Rev.2, or NAICS. No domain restriction - can be used on OperatorInformation, FacilityInformation, or any entity. Supports UNTP Digital Facility Record (DFR) activity classification requirements.
Decentralized Identifier
DID (Decentralized Identifier) linking this entity to verifiable identity infrastructure.
Used to link traditional IDs (GLN, VAT, EOID) to DIDs per UNTP Digital Identity Anchor pattern. No domain restriction - can be used on OperatorInformation, FacilityInformation, or any entity. DID format: did:method:specific-identifier (e.g., did:web:example.com).
Identity Credential URL
URL to a verifiable credential proving identity (Digital Identity Anchor or similar).
Links to a VC issued by authoritative registry (chamber of commerce, tax authority) proving DID-to-traditional-ID binding. Supports UNTP Digital Identity Anchor requirements. No domain restriction - can be used on OperatorInformation, FacilityInformation, or any entity.
Individual Trade Item Piece
A single physical piece of a multi-piece trade item, identified via GS1 AI 8026 (ITIP). Used when a single GTIN is composed of multiple individually-shipped pieces (e.g., a 2-piece suit, a furniture set).
Reference pattern aligned with GS1 ITIP (AI 8026). The ITIP AI 8026 encodes GTIN + total piece count + piece number in one identifier.
Trade Item Piece Count
Total number of physical pieces that together constitute the complete trade item identified by the parent GTIN.
Maps to the piece count component of GS1 AI 8026. For example, a 2-piece suit has tradeItemPieceCount = 2.
Trade Item Piece Number
The sequential number of this piece within the multi-piece trade item (1-based). For a 2-piece suit, the jacket might be piece 1 and trousers piece 2.
Maps to the piece-number component of GS1 AI 8026. MUST be less than or equal to oec:tradeItemPieceCount on the parent product.
Trade Item Piece Of
Links an individual piece to the multi-piece trade item (identified by its GTIN) it belongs to.
Inverse relationship: a gs1:Product with oec:tradeItemPieceCount > 1 has multiple oec:IndividualTradeItemPiece members linked back via this property.
Trade Item Piece Description
Human-readable description of what this specific piece is (e.g., 'Jacket', 'Trousers', 'Left shoe', 'Instruction booklet').
Customs Commodity Code Type
The classification system that a customs commodity code belongs to.
HS 6-digit (World Customs Organization Harmonized System)
HS 8-digit subheading
EU Combined Nomenclature 8-digit
EU Combined Nomenclature 10-digit (TARIC)
US Harmonized Tariff Schedule 10-digit
Customs Commodity Code
A commodity code assigned to a trade item for customs classification. The coding system (HS / CN / HTSUS) is indicated by oec:customsCommodityCodeType on the same trade item. GS1 has no native property for this; tariffs and regulatory obligations across EU Combined Nomenclature, US HTSUS, and WCO HS all need it.
The classification system (HS, CN, HTSUS, etc.) used for oec:customsCommodityCode on the same trade item.
Is Regulation Compliant
Asserts that a trade item complies with a specific regulatory act. Used inside a gs1:regulatoryInformation block alongside gs1:regulatoryAct. Replaces the non-existent gs1:isRegulationCompliant referenced in earlier drafts.
This is a oec: extension because no GS1 Web Vocabulary term currently carries a boolean compliance assertion.
Regulatory Act Status
Status of a trade item with respect to a specific regulatory act (e.g. ACTIVE, EXEMPT, PENDING). Used inside a gs1:regulatoryInformation block alongside gs1:regulatoryAct.
oec: extension: GS1 Web Vocabulary names a regulatory act (gs1:regulatoryAct) but carries no status of an item against that act. Replaces the non-existent gs1:regulatoryActStatus referenced in earlier drafts.
Regulatory Permit Identification
Identifier of a permit, authorisation, or type-examination certificate issued by a regulatory body for the trade item. Used inside a gs1:regulatoryInformation block.
oec: extension: GS1 gs1:regulatoryIdentifier links to identifier groupings within a regulatory information system and gs1:regulatoryReferenceNumber is a reference number, neither of which is a literal permit identifier. Replaces the non-existent gs1:regulatoryPermitIdentification referenced in earlier drafts.
Extended Producer Responsibility
A registration of a producer's compliance with an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) scheme for a specific waste stream and jurisdiction. EPR schemes apply across PPWR (packaging), WEEE (electronics), Battery Regulation, ELV (vehicles), Textile-DA (proposed), and others; every regulation covered by this ontology. No upstream vocabulary defines this class; UNTP v0.7.0 has no EPR-specific term, and CIRPASS-2 D3.2 confirms it as a gap.
EPR Registration Number
Producer registration number issued by an EPR compliance scheme operator (e.g. Stiftung EAR for German WEEE, EcoEmballages for French packaging).
EPR Scheme Operator
The Producer Responsibility Organisation (PRO) or competent authority that operates the EPR scheme. Modelled as a gs1:Organization or untp:Party.
EPR Jurisdiction
The country / member state where this EPR registration applies. EPR schemes are organised per Member State; producers selling into multiple MS register in each.
EPR Compliance URL
URL of the EPR scheme operator's public verification endpoint or compliance certificate for this producer.
EPR Waste Stream
The waste stream the EPR registration covers: packaging, weee, batteries, vehicles, textiles, etc. Free-text token; controlled vocabulary may be added when EU publishes one.
Links a product or operator to one or more EPR registrations covering it.
Bio-based Fraction
Mass fraction (0-1) of the product or material derived from renewable biological feedstock (rather than fossil-derived). Use unitCode 'P1' (UN/CEFACT Rec 20) when expressed via gs1:QuantitativeValue.
Distinct from biodegradability (a separate test result) and compostability (a separate certification category).
Biodegradability
An observed biodegradability result for a substance or material, typically per ISO 14593 / OECD 301B/D/F / OECD 310 test methods. Represents a measurement, not a regulatory category.
Biodegradation Percentage
Percentage of substance biodegraded under the test method conditions. Use unitCode 'P1' (UN/CEFACT Rec 20) when expressed via gs1:QuantitativeValue.
Biodegradability Test Method
The standardised laboratory method used to assess biodegradability.
ISO 14593 (CO2 evolution test)
OECD 301B (CO2 evolution test)
OECD 301D (closed bottle test)
OECD 301F (manometric respirometry)
OECD 310 (sealed vessel CO2 evolution)
The test method used to determine the biodegradability percentage.
Compostability
Compostability category and certification standard for a product or material. Distinct from biodegradability: compostability is a regulatory-recognised classification, not a continuous measurement.
Compostability Type
Classification of how a product can be composted.
Industrially Compostable
Compostable in industrial composting facilities (typically per EN 13432).
Home Compostable
Compostable in domestic composting conditions (typically per OK-Compost-Home / NF T 51-800).
Not Compostable
Compostability Standard
URI of the standard the compostability claim is certified against (e.g. EN 13432, OK-Compost-Home, ASTM D6400).
Deposit-Return Scheme
A deposit-return scheme that the product participates in (PPWR Article 13, beverage container DRS in DE/AT/NL/SE/etc., and any future EU-harmonised DRS).
Deposit Amount
Refundable deposit applied at point of sale. Modelled as gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode = ISO 4217 currency code (e.g. 'EUR').
Deposit Scheme Operator
The Producer Responsibility Organisation that operates the DRS (e.g. Pfand-System Deutschland for DE).
Deposit Redemption Channel URL
URL of the public directory of redemption channels (where consumers can return the container for refund).
Links a product (typically gs1:PackagingDetails) to the DRS it participates in.
Carbon Footprint Declaration
An observation of a product's lifecycle carbon footprint, broken down by lifecycle stage. Used for EU Battery Annex II §8, ESPR carbon-footprint declarations, PEF reporting, and PPWR optional disclosures.
Carbon Footprint: Raw Material Acquisition
Lifecycle stage emissions from raw-material acquisition and pre-processing. gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'KGM' (kg CO2e) and oec:declaredFunctionalUnit set on the parent CarbonFootprintDeclaration.
Carbon Footprint: Production
Lifecycle stage emissions from main product production. gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'KGM'.
Carbon Footprint: Distribution
Lifecycle stage emissions from distribution and logistics. gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'KGM'.
Carbon Footprint: Use Phase
Lifecycle stage emissions from product use. gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'KGM'.
Carbon Footprint: End of Life
Lifecycle stage emissions from end-of-life and recycling. gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'KGM'.
Carbon Footprint Methodology
URI of the methodology used (e.g. EN 45552, ISO 14067, PEF, GHG Protocol).
Links a product to its carbon footprint declaration.
Recyclability Assessment
An assessment of a product's recyclability. Different regulations express the same concept differently: PPWR uses letter grades A/B/C, the JRC textile methodology uses a 0-10 score, electronics WEEE uses a 0-1 rate. All three are optional; pick whichever your regulation requires.
Recyclability Score
Numeric recyclability score (e.g. 0-10 per JRC textile methodology). Use unitCode aligned with the methodology when expressed via gs1:QuantitativeValue.
Recyclability Rate
Decimal fraction (0-1) of the product that can be recycled.
Recyclability Methodology
URI of the recyclability methodology used (e.g. PEF, EN 15343, JRC textile preparatory study, PPWR Annex II).
Links a product to its recyclability assessment.
Energy Efficiency
A product's energy efficiency declaration: A-G class, EPREL registration, consumption modes.
Energy Efficiency Class
A-G classification per EU Energy Labelling Regulation 2017/1369 and downstream delegated acts.
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
Class F
Class G
Cross-cutting Digital Product Passport pattern under ESPR 2024/1781, reusable across regulation modules. Anchored upward to GS1/SEMICeu/schema.org/UNTP and DPP Keystone (dppk:energyEfficiencyClass) where an equivalent exists.
Annual Energy Consumption
Annual energy consumption. gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'KWH'.
Power Consumption: On Mode
Power consumed in active operating mode. gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'WTT'.
Power Consumption: Standby Mode
Power consumed in standby. gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'WTT'.
Power Consumption: Off Mode
Power consumed in off mode. gs1:QuantitativeValue with unitCode 'WTT'.
EPREL Registration Number
EU EPREL (European Product Registry for Energy Labelling) registration number.
EPREL Product URL
URL of the product's EPREL public page.
End-of-Life Program
A take-back / collection / dismantling program operating across PPWR, WEEE, Battery, Textile take-back, and ELV. Distinct from EPR registration: EPR is the producer's compliance registration; this is the consumer-facing program with collection points, refunds, and dismantling guides.
Take-Back URL
URL of the consumer-facing take-back program landing page.
Take-Back Incentive
Free-text description of any consumer incentive (refund, credit, replacement).
Collection Point Directory URL
URL of a directory of physical collection points.
Dismantling Guide URL
URL of the public dismantling / repair guide for end-of-life processors.
Hazard Signal Word
CLP Regulation signal word: Danger or Warning.
Danger
Warning
CLP Regulation 1272/2008 signal word: Danger or Warning.
Hazard Pictogram Code
CLP/GHS pictogram code (GHS01..GHS09). Set-valued: a substance can carry multiple pictograms.
Hazard Statement (H-statement)
CLP H-statement code (e.g. H315, H319). Set-valued: a substance can carry multiple H-statements.
Precautionary Statement (P-statement)
CLP P-statement code (e.g. P101, P280). Set-valued.
Repair Information Portal URL
URL of the manufacturer's public repair information portal as required by EU Right-to-Repair Directive 2024/1799 Article 4: covers spare-parts catalogue, dismantling guides, software updates available to independent repairers.
Repair Provider
An authorised repair provider for a product. Supports the European online platform for repair (Article 7 of Directive 2024/1799) and manufacturer-published repair networks.
Links a product to one or more authorised repair providers.
Repair Provider Name
Repair Provider URL
Due Diligence Regulation Context
The specific regulation against which a due diligence statement is asserted: Battery Annex X (Reg. 2023/1542), EUDR Article 9 (Reg. 2023/1115), CSDDD (Dir. 2024/1760), Forced Labour Regulation (2024/3015), OECD Conflict Minerals, etc. Same oec:DueDiligenceReport shape; different regulatory anchor.
Supply-Chain Transparency URL
URL of a public supply-chain map / transparency endpoint (CSDDD Article 16, ESPR Article 7).
Forced-Labour-Free Assertion
Boolean assertion that the product is free of forced labour per EU Regulation 2024/3015. Substantiate with dueDiligenceReport URL + thirdPartyAssurance evidence.
Is Strategic Raw Material
Boolean flag: material is on the EU Strategic Raw Materials list per CRMA Annex I (2024/1252). Strategic ⊂ Critical: every strategic raw material is also a critical raw material, but not vice versa.
CRM List Version
Version reference of the EU Critical Raw Materials list against which the isCriticalRawMaterial / isStrategicRawMaterial flags were determined (e.g. CRMA-2024 Annex II / Annex I). The list is updated periodically by the Commission.
Remanufacturing / refurbishment date
Date on which a product was remanufactured or refurbished and re-released as fit for purpose. Cross-sector: applies to any DPP-covered product that re-enters service after refurbishment (rail rolling stock, batteries, electronics, textiles).
No upstream equivalent: GS1 Web Vocabulary covers production dates but not refurbishment; schema.org has schema:productionDate / schema:purchaseDate but no remanufacture/reconditioning date; SEMICeu does not cover product lifecycle dates.
Environmental Product Declaration
A type III environmental declaration per EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 / ISO 14025, reporting life-cycle environmental impact indicators broken down by lifecycle module.
Required extension: EN 15804 EPDs carry a full impact-indicator set with modular lifecycle breakdown not covered by GS1 Web Vocabulary, schema.org, or SEMICeu. Aligned with DPP Keystone dppk:EPDBlock (peer DPP profile). For a single aggregate carbon figure use oec:carbonFootprintTotal; for a 5-stage carbon breakdown use oec:CarbonFootprintDeclaration.
Impact Indicator Result
One environmental impact indicator (e.g. Global Warming Potential) reported within an EPD: its indicator type, declared unit, aggregate value, and optional per-lifecycle-module values.
EN 15804 impact-indicator result. Anchored to DPP Keystone dppk:ImpactValues (peer DPP profile).
Lifecycle Stage Result
The value of an impact indicator for a single EN 15804 lifecycle module (e.g. A1, B6, C3, D).
EN 15804 modular lifecycle value. Pairs an oec:LifecycleStage code with a decimal value in the indicator's declared unit.
Impact Indicator Type
Controlled list of EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 environmental impact indicators.
EN 15804+A2 core impact category set.
Global Warming Potential, total
Global Warming Potential, fossil
Global Warming Potential, biogenic
Global Warming Potential, land use and land-use change
Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer
Acidification potential
Eutrophication potential, freshwater
Eutrophication potential, marine
Eutrophication potential, terrestrial
Formation potential of tropospheric ozone
Abiotic depletion potential, minerals and metals
Abiotic depletion potential, fossil resources
Water (user) deprivation potential
Lifecycle Stage
Controlled list of EN 15804 lifecycle modules (product, construction, use, end-of-life, and benefits beyond the system boundary).
EN 15804 modular lifecycle stages.
A1 Raw material supply
A2 Transport to manufacturer
A3 Manufacturing
A4 Transport to site
A5 Installation
B1 Use
B2 Maintenance
B3 Repair
B4 Replacement
B5 Refurbishment
B6 Operational energy use
B7 Operational water use
C1 Deconstruction / demolition
C2 Transport to waste processing
C3 Waste processing
C4 Disposal
D Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary
Links a product to its EN 15804 environmental product declaration.
EN 15804 EPD link. Anchored to DPP Keystone dppk:epd (peer DPP profile).
EPD Registration Number
Registration / declaration number assigned by the EPD programme operator.
EN 15804 / ISO 14025 EPD metadata.
EPD Programme Operator
Name of the EPD programme operator (e.g. EPD International, IBU, EcoPlatform).
EPD Reference Standard
Reference standard and product category rules version used (e.g. EN 15804+A2).
EPD Valid Until
Date until which the EPD is valid.
Impact Indicator
An environmental impact indicator result reported within the EPD.
EN 15804 impact indicator. Anchored to DPP Keystone dppk:indicator (peer DPP profile).
Indicator Type
The EN 15804 impact category this result reports (e.g. oec:GWPTotal).
EN 15804+A2 impact category selector.
Indicator Unit
Declared unit for this indicator (e.g. kg CO2 eq, kg CFC11 eq, mol H+ eq, m3 world eq deprived).
EN 15804 declared characterisation unit for the indicator.
Indicator Total Value
Aggregate value of the indicator across the declared lifecycle modules, in the declared unit.
EN 15804 aggregate indicator value. Use oec:lifecycleStageResult for the modular breakdown.
A single EN 15804 module value contributing to this indicator.
EN 15804 modular lifecycle breakdown.
The EN 15804 lifecycle module this value applies to (e.g. oec:StageA1).
EN 15804 module selector.
Stage Value
Indicator value for this lifecycle module, in the indicator's declared unit.
EN 15804 modular value. DPP Keystone expresses these as flat dppk:a1..dppk:d properties; here normalised as oec:LifecycleStage + oec:stageValue pairs.