Hele-Mai Haav
Riina Maigre
Tarmo Robal
The CORE is the integration ontology that imports all the specific ontology modules and the connector (bridge) ontology of these. -- THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER. All liability for any damages arising from use or misuse of this vocabulary is with the user.
This ontology is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. In case of dispute over Apache 2.0 applicability, or in case considering the ontology as a document, this ontology document is to be considered licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CORE of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 project.
The CORE of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project.
EU DPP CORE
Actor module of an EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project. DEPENDENCIES: This module has dependencies to the following EU DPP Core Ontology modules: CON, P_DPP, EVENT. For more information, see Maigre, R., Haav, H.-M., Robal, T., Wolf, M.-A., & Danash, F. (2025). Ontology Requirements Specification for an EU DPP Core Ontology Proposal (1.1). CIRPASS-2 Consortium. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15270342 ======================= CHANGES FEB 2026 1. Applied CEON-inspired design principles. 2. Modelled several Actor properties using schema.org properties, such as address, email, telephone, url, geo. 3. Changed Role class hierarchy. CHANGES APRIL 2026 1. Moved identifier logic to connector. 2. Fixed AutorisedRepresentativeRoleAssignment name (previously AutorisedRepresentationAssignment).
Actors and roles module for an EU DPP core ontology proposed by CIRPASS-2 European project.
The Actor module of an EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
EU DPP CO ACTOR
theodor chirvasuta
Elio Hbeich
Provides classes and properties for representing event carriers and their event-specific dependencies in the Core Ontology modules.
EU DPP Core Ontology Event Module
Draft Event module of the EU DPP Core Ontology. It includes ESPR-level event concepts, EPCIS-inspired event carrier types, identifier-based event structures, transformation, aggregation and transaction dependencies, and links between product events, DPP events, and their technical representations.
Event module
Version 0.1.0 DRAFT
EU DPP Core Ontology Event Module. Draft version 0.1.0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15270342/
MODULE: IDENT Identifier module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project. The Identifier module proposes an universal approach for identifiers used in the EU DPP CO delivered by the CIRPASS-2 European Project. The module describes identifiers used for the project through aspects and scheme references, if appropriate, granularity is added. --- DESIGN RESTRICTION: Specific modules of the EU DPP CO need to use the Connector to establish a link to the Identifiers module. The link needs to be establsihed to a subclass of aIdentifier class, e.g., Product hasUniqueProductIdentifier ProductIdentifier. --- DEPENDENCIES: This module may have dependencies to all EU DPP Core Ontology (CO) modules that use different types of identifiers, including: CON, P_DPP, SOC, ACTOR, ... -- THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER. All liability for any damages arising from use or misuse of this vocabulary is with the user.
The Identifier (IDENT) module of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
First iteration of the Identifier module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project.
EU DPP IDENT
MODULE: MATERIAL Material module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project. DEPENDENCIES: This module has dependencies to the following EU DPP Core Ontology (CO) modules: CON, P_DPP, SOC. Under the ESPR, products must disclose what materials they contain, where those materials come from, whether they include substances of concern, and how those materials support durability, repairability, recyclability, and circularity. The main requiremetns regarding materials are given in ESPR Annex I. =============== v.1.0.2 - linking MAT to IDENT for material identifier and its scheme. - #materialIdentifier and #materialIdentifierScheme become OBSOLETE. v.1.0.1 - Initial version -- THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER. All liability for any damages arising from use or misuse of this vocabulary is with the user.
The Materials (MAT) module of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
First iteration of the Material module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project.
EU DPP MAT
Theodor Chirvasuta
Hele-Mai Haav (up until version 1.7.1 incl.), further maintained by contributors.
The EU DPP core ontology proposed in CIRPASS-2 European project is a shared formal specification of basic concepts and properties/relationships in the cross-sectorial DPP domain to facilitate knowledge sharing across sector-specific DPPs. The proposed EU DPP core ontology captures several modules from which the Product and DPP module plays a central role. DEPENDENCIES: This module has dependencies to the following EU DPP Core Ontology (CO) modules: CON, ACTOR, SOC. For more information, see Maigre, R., Haav, H.-M., Robal, T., Wolf, M.-A., & Danash, F. (2025). Ontology Requirements Specification for an EU DPP Core Ontology Proposal (1.1). CIRPASS-2 Consortium. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15270342 ======================= 30 April 2026 - Release v.2.0.0 CHANGES APR 2026 (switch to IDENT module) (v.1.9.4) 1. The following data properties become obsolete: - #uniqueProductIdentifier - #uniqueProductIdentifierScheme Instead, use object property hasUniqueProductIdentifier with domain as Product and Range as ProductIdentifier declased in the Connector. 2. The following data properties become obsolete: - #digitalProductPassportId - #dppSchemaVersion Instead, use object property hasDigitalProductPassportId with domain as DPP and range as #DPPIdentifier. CHANGES APR 2026 (JTC24 alignment) (v.1.9.2) 1. Added additional values for range: Inactive, Invalid for data property DPP status 2. Rename #status to #dppStatus, change of IRI. 3. Rename #uniqueDPPID to #digitalProductPassportId, change of IRI, label and range. 4. Rename #schemaVersion to #dppSchemaVersion, change of IRI, label. 5. Changing data property #granularity range to model, batch or item (refactoring product to item). CHANGES FEB 2026 (v.1.9.1) 1. Alignment with design principles 2. skos:exactMatch for Product changed to more appropriate skos:closeMatch 3. Renamed uniqueProductID to uniqueProductIdentifier 4. Added uniqueProductIdentifierScheme 5. Removed #facilityID. Now described through ACTOR module. 6. #Document renamed to #DocumentFormattedProperty 7. The following object properties were removed and added to connector: #containsSubstanceOfConcern #hasEconomicOperator #hasBackUpCopyHost #hasIssuer #hasManufacturer
The Product and DPP module of an EU regulatory compliant Digital Product Passport Core Ontology (EU DPP CO) proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
The Product and DPP module of an EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
EU DPP CO P_DPP
MODULE: SOC Substances of Concern module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project. DEPENDENCIES: This module has dependencies to the following EU DPP Core Ontology (CO) modules: CON, P_DPP. The third iteration of the Substances of Concern module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project. The information requirements laid out in ESPR Art 7(2) and Art 7(5) for products require the information requirements to make it possible to track the substances of concern, throughout the life cycle of the products concerned. These information requirements for specific product groups are specified in the delegated acts adopted pursuant to Art 4 of ESPR. This module addresses only the information requirements referred and stated in the ESPR. ===================================== CONTEXT: Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Art 3(1) defines Substance: means a chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process, including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process used, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition; ------------------------------------------------------------------- Known issues: - hasLifeCycleStage misses range (Event). -- THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER. All liability for any damages arising from use or misuse of this vocabulary is with the user.
The Substance of Concern (SOC) module of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
Third iteration of the Substances of Concern module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project.
EU DPP SOC
Gisa Foyer
Jens Niederhausen
Daniel Hutzschenreuter
The ESPR refers to the EU Declaration of Conformity (EU-DoC) as a key element to provide knowledge on compliance with regulatory requirements for relevant products. Thus, the design of the ontology module for compliance was focused on establishing information and relations between information to provide the EU-DoC in a reliable form and according to the requirements set out in Article 44 and Annex V of the ESPR. For developing the ontology model, the following competency questions guided the basic design of the underlying knowledge graph. Q1: Provide all information from the DPP relevant to be presented with the EU-DoC (extract the EU-DoC). Q2: Did the manufacturer declare an authorized representative to issue the EU-DoC? Q3: Which Union Harmonised Legislation is applied for the product? Q4: Which product requirements need to be fulfilled for the product? Q5: Which notified bodies did an assessment of the product requirements according to which conformity assessment modules? --------- The compliance module introduces the class EUDeclarationOfConformity as knowledge graph node to access all information required by the ESPR Annex V for the EU-DoC. Objects from the Product and Actor ontology modules provide substantial information in the context of the EU-DoC and relevant links are provided through the Connector ontology. In particular, EUDeclarationofConformity is a subclass of the Document product property. Different Actor objects can be linked to identify the entities such as the issuer of the EU-DoC, its signer, the product manufacturer or the authorized representative on behalf of the manufacturer. It is important to note, that an Actor who is the manufacturer must provide the Actor role assignment to the manufacturer's role. If an authorized representative is provided, the Actor must provide an Authorized representative assignment linked to the manufacturer's role. In addition, the compliance ontology provides classes for defining the Union Harmonisation Legislation, Product Requirements such as harmonized standards, common specifications or other technical specifications, Conformity Assessment Modules and Certificates. The EU-DoC class refers to the relevant Union Harmonisation Legislation, and each legislation refers to the applicable product requirements used for presumption of conformity. An additional object property is provided to directly link the product with the Union Harmonisation Legislation it is in conformance with. Finally, the Union Harmonisation Legislation class has a data property allowing to link the European Legislation IDs (ELI) from the European Common Data Model (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/cdm). Notified bodies, who assess conformity of the product with the Union Harmonisation Legislation, are represented using the Actor ontology too. The linked Actor object must provide the Actor role assignment to the role of a notified body. The data property of this Actor object must provide the NANDO numbering system as operator identifier scheme and the NANDO number of the underlying notified body as operator ID. All notified bodies within Europe are listed with a unique number in the NANDO repository (https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/single-market-compliance-space/notified-bodies). Notified bodies assess compliance with requirements from Union Harmonisation Legislation according to predefined conformity assessment modules as defined by the New Legislative Framework the ESPR is aligned to (http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj). The notified bodies are linked through object properties to the applied Conformity Assessment Modules and the Certificates issued as outcomes of the conformity assessment performed. The Certificates must provide the number of the certificate and where relevant also the revision number of a certificate.
The Compliance module of an EU Digital Product Passport Core Ontology (EU DPP CO) proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
Note1: CE-marking is applicable, if a product fulfills all requirements of product-specific Union Harmonization Legislation which need to be applied for the product. The EU-DoC must provide information for all Union Harmonisation Legislation that is applied for the product. Thus, no explicit identification of Union Harmonisation Legislation relevant for CE marking is required, as this is an intrinsic property. Note 2: Annex V of the ESPR mentions technical documentation in addition to conformity certificates as possible data elements to include in the DPP for “compliance documentation and information required under this Regulation or other Union law applicable to the product”. These could be included as Documents in the product ontology and in an upcoming version of the compliance module references will be added.
The Compliance module of an EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
EU DPP CO COMP
Links actor role assignment to actor
Has actor
Assigns a role to the actor in a particular context (DPP, Product, Event).
Actor role assignment
Actor means a legal or natural person (e.g. John Doe, TNO). One actor can take on multiple roles; [CIRPASS-2 User Stories 3.1]
Actor
CIRPASS-2 User Stories 3.1
Relates a manufacturer to the mandate (assignment) that authorises an actor to act on the manufacturer's behalf.
Has representative mandate
Used when the role is authorisedRepresentativeRole to indicate the manufacturer being represented.
Represents manufacturer
A specific assignment representing the written mandate between a manufacturer and an authorised representative; [ESPR Art 2 (43)]
Authorised representative role assignment
ESPR Art 2 (43)
Links an actor role assignment to a role.
Has role
Relates role to an actor role assignment.
Is role of
Role means a set of tasks typically performed by one actor. (e.g. Responsible Economic Operator, Independent operator); [CIRPASS-2 User Stories 3.1]
Role
Relates a legal person to the location where it is established.
Is established in
A body of persons or an entity (as a corporation) considered as having many of the rights and responsibilities of a natural person and especially the capacity to sue and be sued.
Legal Person
Relates a natural person to the location where they reside.
Is residing in
A human being as distinguished from a person (as a corporation) created by operation of law
Natural Person
Relates a facility to an actor.
Is used by actor
Relates an actor to facility.
Uses facility
A Facility may be a place where specific activities occur. A production/manufacturing facility means a factory. The term may refer to any place that makes things, or plants that generate electricity.
Business facilities are structures that provide services to a business. This can include space for employees, technology, equipment and inventory. Facilities can be used for business administration, operations or to provide services to customers.
Facility
Links an Actor or Facility to its postal address, represented as a schema:PostalAddress
Has address
Links facility to its coordinates, represented as schema:geo.
Has coordinates
Name of an actor.
Actor name
The date and time from which the actor role assignment is valid.
Assignment valid from
The date and time until which the actor role assignment is valid.
Assignment valid to
Trade name under which a legal person or business operates and is registered.
Registered trade name
A trademark officially registered and owned by an actor.
Registered trademark
Links an Actor to its email address.
Has email
Links facility to its coordinates. Part of schema:geo.
latitude
longitude
Links an Actor to its phone.
Has phone
URL
Authorised representative means any natural or legal person established in the Union that has received a written mandate from the manufacturer to act on the manufacturer’s behalf in relation to specified tasks with regard to the manufacturer’s obligations under this Regulation; [ESPR Art 2 (43)]
Authorised Representative
Parent class for roles of authorities, such as market surveillance authority, customs authority, etc.
Authority role
Parent class for roles related to circular economy, such as remanufacturer, refurbisher, etc.
Circular economy role
Conformity assessment means the process demonstrating whether the ecodesign requirements set out in the relevant delegated acts adopted pursuant to Article 4 have been fulfilled; [ESPR Art 2 (51)]
Conformity assessment role
ESPR Art 2 (51)
Economic operator means the manufacturer, the authorised representative, the importer, the distributor, the dealer and the fulfilment service provider; [ESPR Art 2 (46)]
Economic operator role
ESPR Art 2 (46)
Parent class for roles of end users, such as consumer, etc.
End user role
The European Commission, abbreviated as EC, is the executive branch of the European Union.
European Commission
European Union is used here as a jurisdictional or geographic entity for legal and regulatory contexts.
European Union
Conformity assessment body means a body that performs conformity assessment activities including calibration, testing, certification and inspection; [ESPR Art 2 (52)]
Conformity Assessment Body
ESPR Art 2 (52)
Consumer means any natural person who, in relation to contracts covered by Directive (EU) 2019/771, is acting for purposes which are outside that person's trade, business, craft or profession; [Directive (EU) 2019/771, Art 2 (2)]
Consumer
Directive (EU) 2019/771, Art 2 (2)
Customer means a natural or legal person that purchases, hires or receives a product for their own use whether or not acting for purposes which are outside their trade, business, craft or profession; [ESPR Art 2 (35)]
Customer
ESPR Art 2 (35)
A legal person that provides (professional) credentials to parties, which may be used to make and verify a variety of claims in the DPP, (ESPR) Art. 11 last paragraph. For example, a credentials agency could certify a professional repairer and provide appropriate credentials for the DPP system; [CIRPASS-2 User Stories 3.1]
Credential Agency
Customs authorities means customs authorities as defined in point 1 of Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013; [Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art 3 (24)]
Customs authorities means the customs administrations of the Member States responsible for applying the customs legislation and any other authorities empowered under national law to apply certain customs legislation (Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 Art 5 (1);
Customs Authority
Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art 3 (24)
Dealer means a distributor or any other natural or legal person that offers products for sale, hire or hire purchase, or that displays products, to end users in the course of a commercial activity, including through distance selling; and includes any natural or legal person that puts a product into service in the course of a commercial activity; [ESPR Art 2 (55)]
Dealer
ESPR Art 2 (55)
Distributor means any natural or legal person in the supply chain, other than the manufacturer or the importer, that makes a product available on the market; [ESPR Art 2 (45)]
Distributor
ESPR Art 2 (45)
Digital product passport service provider means a natural or legal person that is an independent third-party authorised by the economic operator which places the product on the market or puts it into service and that processes the digital product passport data for that product for the purpose of making such data available to economic operators and other relevant actors with a right to access those data under this Regulation or other Union law; [ESPR Art 2 (32)]
DPP Service Provider
ESPR Art 2 (32)
End user means any natural or legal person residing or established in the Union, to whom a product has been made available either as a consumer outside of any trade, business, craft or profession or as a professional end user in the course of its industrial or professional activities; [Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 Art 3 (21)]
End User
Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art 3 (21)
Fulfilment service provider means any natural or legal person offering, in the course of commercial activity, at least two of the following services: warehousing, packaging, addressing and dispatching, without having ownership of the products involved, excluding postal services as defined in point 1 of Article 2 of Directive 97/67/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (31), parcel delivery services as defined in point 2 of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2018/644 of the European Parliament and of the Council (32), and any other postal services or freight transport services; [Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 Art 3 (11)].
Fulfilment Service Provider
Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art 3 (11)
Importer means any natural or legal person established in the Union that places a product from a third country on the Union market; [ESPR Art 2 (44)]
Importer
ESPR Art 2 (44)
Independent operator means natural or legal person that is independent of the manufacturer and is directly or indirectly involved in the refurbishment, repair, maintenance or repurposing of a product, and includes waste management operators, refurbishers, repairers, manufacturers or distributors of repair equipment, tools or spare parts, as well as publishers of technical information, operators offering inspection and testing services and operators offering training for installers, manufacturers and repairers of equipment; [ESPR Art 2 (47)]
Independent Operator
ESPR Art 2 (47)
Issuing agency is a legal persons that provide unique identifiers and data carriers Art 12 (4a). Under specific conditions, economic operators may perform the functions associated with an Issuing Agency; [ESPR Art 12 (4b)]
Issuing Agency
ESPR Art 12 (4a)
Manufacturer means any natural or legal person that manufactures a product or that has a product designed or manufactured and markets that product under their name or trademark; [ESPR Art 2 (42)]
Manufacturer
ESPR Art 2 (42)
Market surveillance authority means an authority designated by a Member State under Article 10 as responsible for carrying out market surveillance in the territory of that Member State; [Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 Art 3 (4)]
Market Surveillance Authority
Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art 3 (4)
Notified body means a conformity assessment body notified in accordance with Chapter IX.; [ESPR Art 2 (53)]
Notified Body
ESPR Art 2 (53)
Professional repairer means a natural or legal person that provides professional repair or maintenance services for a product, irrespective of whether that person acts within the manufacturer’s distribution system or independently; [ESPR Art 2 (48)]
Professional Repairer
ESPR Art 2 (48)
An actor performing recycling, which means "any recovery operation by which waste materials are reprocessed into products, materials or substances whether for the original or other purposes. It includes the reprocessing of organic material but does not include energy recovery and the reprocessing into materials that are to be used as fuels or for backfilling operations" [WFD Art 3 (17)]
Recycler
WFD Art 3 (17)
An actor performing refurbishment, which means "actions carried out to prepare, clean, test, service and, where necessary, repair a product or a discarded product in order to restore its performance or functionality within the intended use and range of performance originally conceived at the design stage at the time of the placing of the product on the market."; [ESPR Art 2 (18)]
Refurbisher
ESPR Art 2 (18)
An actor performing remanufacturing, which means "actions through which a new product is produced from objects that are waste, products or components and through which at least one change is made that substantially affects the safety, performance, purpose or type of the product"; [ESPR Art 2 (16)]
Remanufacturer
ESPR Art 2 (16)
Connector (Bridge) module that only defines object properties between modules. The connector contains only object properties that have domain and range specified in different modules. -- THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER. All liability for any damages arising from use or misuse of this vocabulary is with the user.
The Connector module of the EU regulatory compliant Digital Product Passport Core Ontology (EU DPP CO) proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
The CONNECTOR module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project.
EU DPP CORE CONNECTOR
Links a DPP event to the Digital Product Passport whose content, state, or accessibility is affected by the event. This property captures information-level changes and is not intended to represent physical or operational events on the product. DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. DPPEvent is modelled in the EU DPP CO EVENT module.
Concerns DPP
Digital Product Passport (DPP) means a set of data specific to a product that includes the information specified in the applicable delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 4 and that is accessible via electronic means through a data carrier in accordance with Chapter III. (ESPR Art 2 (28))
Digital Product Passport (DPP)
ESPR Art 2 (28)
Links a product event to the product whose state, condition, or lifecycle is affected by the event. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. ProductEvent is modelled in the EU DPP CO EVENT module.
Concerns product
Product means any physical goods that are placed on the market or put into service. ESPR Art 2 (1))
Product
ESPR Art 2 (1)
Specifies the notified body that attest the product's conformity with Union harmonisation legislation. UnionHarmonisationLegislation is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Conformity attested by
Union Harmonisation Legislation shall mean any Union legislation harmonising the conditions for the marketing of products. Examples are directives, regulations and delegated acts.
Union Harmonised Legislation
Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R1 (17) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I
Linking the product to a substance of concern the product contains. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Substance of concern is modelled in the EU DPP CO SOC module.
Contains substance of concern
Material the product (or component) is made of [ESPR Annex I]. Material as an element of composition.
Material of composition
means a substance that:(a) meets the criteria laid down in Article 57 of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and is identified in accordance with Article 59(1) of that Regulation; (b) is classified in Part 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 in one of the following hazard classes or hazard categories: (i) carcinogenicity categories 1 and 2; (ii) germ cell mutagenicity categories 1 and 2; (iii) reproductive toxicity categories 1 and 2; (iv) endocrine disruption for human health categories 1 and 2; (v) endocrine disruption for the environment categories 1 and 2; (vi) persistent, mobile and toxic or very persistent, very mobile properties; (vii) persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic or very persistent, very bioaccumulative properties; (viii) respiratory sensitisation category 1; (ix) skin sensitisation category 1; (x) hazardous to the aquatic environment — categories chronic 1 to 4; (xi) hazardous to the ozone layer; (xii) specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure categories 1 and 2; (xiii) specific target organ toxicity — single exposure categories 1 and 2; (c) is regulated under Regulation (EU) 2019/1021; or (d) negatively affects the reuse and recycling of materials in the product in which it is present [ESPR Art 2(10)]
Substance of concern
ESPR Art 2(10)
Specifies the natural or legal person established within the Union who has received a written mandate from a manufacturer to act on his behalf in relation to the Declaration of Conformity. EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. Source: Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R1 (4) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I ESPR Annex V (2,9) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#anx_%C2%A0V
Has authorised representative
Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R1 (4)
The EU Declaration of Conformity shall state that the fulfilment of the ecodesign requirements specified in the applicable delegated acts adopted pursuant to ESPR Article 4 has been demonstrated or that a presumption of conformity applies in accordance with ESPR Article 41.
EU Declaration of Conformity
Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R10, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I
ESPR Art 44, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_44
The reference of the digital product passport service provider hosting the back-up copy of the digital product passport [ESPR Annex III]. DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Has back-up-copy host
Realisation for the Unique identifier of an instance of the digital product passport. DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. DPPIdentifier is modelled in the EU DPP CO IDENT module.
Has digital product passport id
DPP identifier
Specifies the EU declaration of conformity issued for the product. EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module.
Has EU Declaration of Conformity
Linking the product to the economic operator (Actor from ACTOR module). Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Has economic operator
Linking DPP with its issuer (Actor from ACTOR module). DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Has issuer
A product has a LCA Result -- a measurable outcome of a life cycle assessment, representing the quantified effect of a product. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. LcaResult is modelled in the EU DPP CO LCA module.
Has LCA study
A product has a manufacturer (Actor from ACTOR module). Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Has manufacturer
Linking the Product to a MaterialOfComposition. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. MaterialOfComposition is modelled in the EU DPP CO MAT module.
Has material
Realisation of thematerial indetifier as "Product parameters: identification of ... materials [ESPR Annex I c)]" MaterialOfComposition is modelled in the EU DPP CO MAT module. MaterialIdentifier is modelled in the EU DPP CO IDENT module.
Has material identifier
Material identifier
Specifies the conformity assessment body notified in accordance with ESPR Chapter IX EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Has notified body
Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Chapter R4
Defines the natural or legal person responsible for the EU declaration of conformity. EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Has responsible manufacturer
Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R1 (3)
Linking a Facility to its unique facility identifier. Facility is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. FacilityIdentifier is modelled in the EU DPP CO IDENT module.
Has unique facility identifier
ESPR Art 2 (33)
A unique code assigned to a physical site (factory, warehouse, plant, school, hospital, etc.), i.e., identifies a location.
Facility identifier
Linking an Actor to their unique operator identifier. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. ActorIdentifier is modelled in the EU DPP CO IDENT module.
Has unique operator identifier
ESPR Art 2 (31)
Actor identifier
Realisation of the uniqueProductIdentifier. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. ProductIdentifier is modelled in the EU DPP CO IDENT module.
Has unique product identifier
Product identifier
Relates the actor role assignment to a specific lifecycle activity, such as a repair or recycling event (from the Event module). ActorRoleAssignment is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. Event is modelled in the EU DPP CO EVENT module.
In context of activity
Relates the actor role assignment to a specific Digital Product Passport instance (from P_DPP module). ActorRoleAssignment is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module.
In context of DPP
Relates the actor role assignment to a specific product (from P_DPP module). ActorRoleAssignment is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module.
In context of product
Specifies Union Harminised Lagislation for which conformity of the product is stated.
Is conform with
A DPP is connected to a facility. DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Facility is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Is connected to
Specifies the natural or legal person issuing the Declaration of Conformity; ESPR Annex V, paragraph 3 requirement: "This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer:" EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Issued by
Specifies the conformity assessment activities, the conformity assessment module or modules and product or products concerned and the relevant attestation of competence UnionHarmonisationLegislation is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Is notified for
Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R23 (3)
Specifies the natural or legal person signying the Declaration of Conformity. EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Is signed by
Specifies conformity assessment certificate issued for a certification. ConformityCertificate is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Issues certificate
Conformity assessment certificate for a certification. The blue guide uses the term "cerficate of conformity". The ESPR uses "conformity certificate" as well as "certificate" and "approval decision".
Conformity Certificate
Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001
ESPR Annex III (e)
Specifies conformity assess procedure/cerfication scheme performed by the notified body. ConformityAssessmentModule is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Performed assessment according to
Conformity Assessment module means the possible conformity assessment elements that can be chosen, in accordance with certain criteria, to fullfill the conformity accessement required to be performed by Community harmonisation legislation in respect of a particular product.
Conformity Assessment Module
Decision No 768/2008/EC Art 4, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#art_4
ESPR Art 43, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_43
Links a DPP event record to the actor that created the technical record of the logged DPP-side event. DPPEventRecord is modelled in the EU DPP CO EVENT module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
Recorded by
Indicates which product(s) the authorised representative's mandate covers. AuthorisedRepresentativeRoleAssignment is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module.
Represents manufacturer for product
The document class describes the semantic representation of any instance of a document that might be required to be included into a digital product passport instance.
Document
Indicates the action performed in a technical event carrier, specifying whether objects are added, observed, or deleted from the relevant event context or relationship.
has action type
A technical event carrier representing the aggregation or disaggregation of child objects under a parent object, typically reflecting packaging, containment, or structural hierarchy changes. Each AggregationEvent has exactly one action type, may refer to at most one parent object identifier, and includes at least one child object identifier, at least one child quantity context, or both.
Aggregation Event
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; adapted from the Event module mapping table.
A technical event carrier introduced in the EU DPP Core Ontology to represent the association, dissociation, or observation of relationships between identifiable objects without implying physical aggregation or parent-child containment semantics. Each AssociationEvent has exactly one action type, may refer to at most one association anchor, and includes at least one associated child object identifier, at least one child quantity context, or both.
Association Event
Defined in the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module as an EPCIS-inspired extension for expressing non-containment associations between identified entities.
A technical event carrier representing an action performed on one or more identifiable objects, captured either at instance level or at class-and-quantity level. Each ObjectEvent has exactly one action type and includes at least one instance-level identifier, at least one quantity context, or both.
Object Event
A technical event carrier representing the association or disassociation of one or more identifiable objects with one or more business transactions. Each TransactionEvent has exactly one action type, is linked to at least one business transaction context, and includes at least one instance-level identifier, at least one quantity context, or both. It provides documentary or contextual linkage and shall not by itself be interpreted as a lifecycle transition.
Transaction Event
Specifies the business action associated with an event carrier, indicating how the event relates to the lifecycle of the involved objects.
Action Type
Links an AssociationEvent to the contextual anchor of the association. This anchor may be either an identified object or a location, depending on the modelling context.
has association anchor
Defined in the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module to support non-containment associations between identified entities.
An identifier-based structure used to represent an object identified at instance level in an EPCIS-inspired event context.
Instance Identifier
Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module following EPCIS instance-level identification semantics.
A generic location representing a spatial entity that can serve as a context in an event. A location may play different roles depending on the event context, such as observation point or business location.
Location
Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module to support generic location references in event contexts.
Links an event carrier to the business location associated with the event.
has business location
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; business location property adapted for the Event module.
A technical event class used as the abstract root of the Event carrier module. It represents a journalisation structure carrying the core event dimensions and serving as the superclass of specialised EPCIS-aligned event types. It is not itself a regulatory lifecycle event.
EPCIS Carrier
Derived from GS1 EPCIS 2.0 and adapted for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module.
A location playing the role of business context, indicating where the event is considered to take place from a business perspective.
Business Location
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; business location concept adapted for the Event module.
Links an EPCIS carrier to the business step that provides the immediate business context of the event.
has business step
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS 2.0 and CBV business step semantics for the Event module.
A classification indicating the immediate business context of an EPCIS-inspired event.
Business Step
Adapted from GS1 CBV business step semantics for the Event module.
Links a TransactionEvent to a business transaction context associated with the event.
has business transaction context
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS bizTransactionList semantics for the Event module.
A contextual structure representing a business transaction associated with a transaction event.
Business Transaction Context
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS business transaction list semantics for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module.
Links a business transaction context to its business transaction type classification.
has business transaction type
Adapted from GS1 CBV business transaction type semantics for the Event module.
A classification indicating the business type of a transaction associated with an event.
Business Transaction Type
Adapted from GS1 CBV business transaction type semantics for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module.
Links an aggregation or association event to an instance-level identifier used to represent a child object.
has child object context
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS aggregation semantics for the Event module.
Links an aggregation or association event to a quantity element used to identify a child object at class level together with quantity information.
has child quantity context
Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module to support class-level aggregation contexts.
A structure representing a class-level identification context together with quantity information. It is used when an event refers to objects at class level rather than to individually identified instances.
Quantity Element
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS quantity list semantics for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module.
Links a DPP update event to the type of information-level action performed on the Digital Product Passport.
has DPP action type
An event corresponding to an update of the content of a Digital Product Passport.
DPP Update Event
A classification indicating the type of information-level action performed during a DPP update event.
DPP Action Type
Links an event carrier to a destination context associated with the event.
has destination list
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; destination list property adapted for the Event module.
A contextual structure representing a source or a destination associated with an event in relation to a business transfer.
Source or Destination
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; source and destination list structure adapted for the Event module.
Links an EPCIS carrier to the disposition that expresses the business state of the object or objects following the event.
has disposition
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS 2.0 and CBV disposition semantics for the Event module.
A classification indicating the business state of the object or objects following an EPCIS-inspired event.
Disposition
Adapted from GS1 CBV disposition semantics for the Event module.
Links an ObjectEvent or TransactionEvent to an instance-level identifier used to identify an object involved in the event context.
has identified object context
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS epcList semantics for the Event module.
Links a transformation event to an instance-level identifier used to represent an input object.
has input object context
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS transformation event input EPC semantics for the Event module.
A technical event carrier representing the transformation of one or more input objects into one or more output objects, capturing material or structural change across event inputs and outputs. Each TransformationEvent includes at least one input context and at least one output context, expressed at instance level, quantity level, or both. It may refer to an identified transformation used to correlate multiple events describing the same transformation.
Transformation Event
Links a transformation event to a quantity element used to identify an input object at class level together with quantity information.
has input quantity context
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS transformation event input quantity semantics for the Event module.
Links a transformation event to an instance-level identifier used to represent an output object.
has output object context
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS transformation event output EPC semantics for the Event module.
Links a transformation event to a quantity element used to identify an output object at class level together with quantity information.
has output quantity context
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS transformation event output quantity semantics for the Event module.
Links an AggregationEvent to the instance-level identifier that acts as the parent object in the aggregation context.
has parent object context
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS parentID semantics for the Event module.
Links an EPCIS-inspired technical event carrier to the product event semantics it journalises.
has product event
Links a product event concept to an EPCIS-inspired technical event carrier used to journalise and structure the corresponding event data.
is represented by carrier
An ESPR-level event concept representing an event that affects the state, condition, use, circulation, transformation, maintenance, or end-of-life status of a product. A ProductEvent captures the product-facing semantics of the occurrence and is distinct from any DPP-side event that may be triggered to record or reflect it.
Product Event
Links an ObjectEvent or TransactionEvent to a quantity element used to represent class-level identification together with quantity information in the event context.
has quantity context
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS quantityList semantics for the Event module.
Links an event carrier to the read point at which the event observation or capture occurred.
has read point
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; read point property adapted for the Event module.
A location playing the role of observation point, indicating where the event was physically captured or observed.
Read Point
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; read point concept adapted for the Event module.
Links an event carrier to a source context associated with the event.
has source list
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; source list property adapted for the Event module.
Links a source-or-destination context to the entity that plays the source or destination role.
has source or destination entity
Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module to structure source and destination references.
An intermediate alignment class used to represent an entity that can play the role of source or destination in an event context. Its precise alignment to Actor, Organisation, Location, or other external concepts is intended to be specified in the mapping ontology.
Source or Destination Entity
Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module as an intermediate alignment point.
Links a source-or-destination context to its business type classification.
has source or destination type
GS1 EPCIS and CBV source/destination typing semantics adapted for the Event module.
A classification indicating the business meaning of a source or destination associated with an event.
Source or Destination Type
GS1 EPCIS and CBV source/destination type semantics adapted for the Event module.
Links a TransformationEvent to the identified transformation it refers to.
has transformation
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS and CBV transformation identifier semantics for the Event module.
An identified transformation resource used to correlate one or more TransformationEvents that describe the same transformation.
Transformation
Links a DPP event to a technical audit record representing its registration in an information system or audit trail.
is recorded as
Links a DPP event record to the DPP event whose technical registration it captures.
records DPP event
An ESPR-level event concept representing an event that affects the existence, content, accessibility, update, correction, or governance of a DPP. A DPPEvent captures the passport-facing semantics of the occurrence and is modelled as distinct from the product event that may trigger it.
DPP Event
A technical audit record used to represent and log an information-level event affecting a Digital Product Passport. Unlike EPCIS carriers, this class is intended for recording DPP-side information events rather than product-facing operational events.
DPP Event Record
Defined in the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module to support the technical recording of DPP-related events.
Links a DPP event to the product event that caused or required it. This property is used when the DPP event results from a lifecycle change affecting the product.
is triggered by product event
Links a product event to a DPP event that is triggered as a consequence of it, reflecting the obligation to update the DPP following lifecycle changes of the product.
triggers DPP event
Specifies the identifier of a business transaction associated with an event.
has business transaction identifier
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS business transaction identifier semantics for the Event module.
The class-level identifier used in a quantity element, such as a GTIN, LGTIN, or another EPC class identifier.
class identifier
Adapted from EPCIS class-level identification semantics.
A unique identifier assigned to a DPP event record.
dpp event record identifier
The date and time at which the technical record of a DPP event was created in an information system or audit trail.
dpp event recorded at
A unique identifier assigned to the event.
event identifier
GS1 EPCIS 1.2 and 2.0; optional event identifier adapted for the Event module.
The date and time at which the event occurred.
event time
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; core event time property used in the Event module.
The time zone offset in effect at the time and place where the event occurred.
event time zone offset
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; core event time zone offset property used in the Event module.
Specifies the quantity value associated with a class-level identification context.
has quantity value
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS quantity semantics for the Event module.
Specifies the unit of measure associated with a quantity value in a quantity element.
has unit of measure
The identifier value used in the event context, such as an EPC, SGTIN, SSCC, GTIN, or similar identifier expressed as a URI.
instance identifier value
The date and time at which the event was recorded by the repository or information system.
recorded at
GS1 EPCIS 2.0; record time semantics adapted for the Event module.
Indicates the URI identifying the system, application, or audit log in which the DPP event record is maintained.
recorded in system
Indicates the human-readable name of the system, application, or audit log in which the DPP event record is maintained.
recorded in system name
Specifies the identifier of a transformation used to correlate one or more TransformationEvents that describe the same transformation.
transformation identifier
Adapted from GS1 EPCIS and CBV transformationID semantics for the Event module.
Indicates that objects are being added to the context of the event, such as being commissioned or aggregated.
ADD
Indicates that objects are removed from the context of the event, such as being decommissioned or disaggregated.
DELETE
Indicates that objects are observed in the event context without changing their lifecycle state.
OBSERVE
Indicates that new information is added to the Digital Product Passport.
add data
Indicates that erroneous, inconsistent, or incomplete information in the Digital Product Passport is corrected.
correct data
Indicates that information is removed from the Digital Product Passport.
delete data
Indicates that existing information in the Digital Product Passport is modified.
modify data
An event corresponding to the archival or end-of-active-life management of a Digital Product Passport.
DPP Archival Event
An event corresponding to the creation or initial issuance of a Digital Product Passport.
DPP Creation Event
Abstract superclass introduced for modelling purposes. Used to represent the regulatory or business semantics of an event relevant in the ESPR context and concerning either a product or its DPP, independently of its technical journalisation.
ESPR Event
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; lifecycle-event-oriented abstraction introduced for modelling purposes.
The intentional damaging or discarding of a product and unsold products as waste, with the exception of discarding for the sole purpose of delivering the discarded product for preparing for reuse, including refurbishment or remanufacturing operations. ESPR Art 2(34) and Art 25(1).
Destruction
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(34); Art 25(1)
Actions (one or more) taken to keep a product in a condition where it can fulfil its intended purpose. ESPR Art 2(19).
Maintenance
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(19)
Any supply of a product for distribution, consumption or use on the Union market in the course of a commercial activity, whether in return for payment or free of charge. ESPR Art 2(39).
Making Available on the Market
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(39)
The very first time a product is made available on the Union market. ESPR Art 2(40).
Placing on the Market
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(40)
The first use of a product for its intended purpose in the Union. ESPR Art 2(41).
Putting into Service
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(41)
Actions carried out to prepare, clean, test, service and, where necessary, repair a product or a discarded product in order to restore its performance or functionality within the intended use and range of performance originally conceived at the design stage at the time of the placing of the product on the market. ESPR Art 2(18).
Refurbishment
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(18)
Actions through which a new product is produced from objects that are waste, products or components and through which at least one change is made that substantially affects the safety, performance, purpose or type of the product. ESPR Art 2(16).
Remanufacturing
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(16)
Actions taken to return a defective product or waste to a condition where it fulfils its intended purpose. ESPR Art 2(20).
Repair
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(20)
Actions carried out to enhance the functionality, performance, capacity, safety or aesthetics of a product. ESPR Art 2(17).
Upgrading
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(17)
Indicates that the object is active and in normal use following the event.
active
Indicates that the object is available for use, sale, or processing following the event.
available
Indicates that the event corresponds to the creation or initial introduction of objects into the system.
commissioning
Indicates that the object is damaged following the event.
damaged
Indicates that the object has been destroyed and is no longer usable.
destroyed
Indicates that the event corresponds to the destruction of objects.
destroying
Indicates that the object has been disposed of following the event.
disposed
Indicates that the object has reached its expiration date.
expired
Indicates that the object is in transit between locations following the event.
in transit
Indicates that the event corresponds to inspecting objects for quality or compliance.
inspecting
Indicates that the event corresponds to loading objects onto a transport or container.
loading
Indicates that the event corresponds to a business step not explicitly covered by the predefined categories.
other
Indicates that the event corresponds to packing objects into a container or packaging hierarchy.
packing
Indicates that the object has been recalled from the market or supply chain.
recalled
Indicates that the event corresponds to receiving objects at a location.
receiving
Indicates that the event corresponds to repackaging objects into new packaging configurations.
repackaging
Indicates that the event corresponds to repairing objects to restore their functionality.
repairing
Indicates that the object is reserved and not available for general use or sale.
reserved
Indicates that the event corresponds to selling objects to end consumers.
retail selling
Indicates that the object has been returned following the event.
returned
Indicates that the object is sellable and physically accessible.
sellable accessible
Indicates that the object is sellable but not physically accessible.
sellable not accessible
Indicates that the event corresponds to shipping objects from one location to another.
shipping
Indicates that the event corresponds to placing objects into stock or inventory.
stocking
Indicates that the object has been stolen.
stolen
Indicates that the event corresponds to storing objects at a location.
storing
Indicates that the event corresponds to transporting objects between locations.
transporting
Indicates that the state of the object is unknown following the event.
unknown
Indicates that the event corresponds to unloading objects from a transport or container.
unloading
Indicates that the event corresponds to removing objects from a container or packaging hierarchy.
unpacking
Defines the granularity of an identifier, if exists.
Has granularity
Identifier. A general class to hold different kinds of identifiers described and used for EU DPP CO. Each sub-class of this class describes a different kind of identifier. Intentionally modelled as sub-classes. Identifiers have value, and a scheme/standard they are based on. Cardinatlity restrictions added to each subclass to enforce inheritance of the data propertyy identifierValue.
The granularity of the identifier. For example, for Productys this could be model, batch, item.
Identifier granularity
The scheme/standard the Identifier follows
Has scheme
The scheme or standard
Identifier scheme
Example value of the identifier
Identifier example value
Identifier expires on
Identifier issued on
Maximum length of the identifier
Identifier maximum length
Minimum length of the identifier
Identifier minimum length
A pattern the identifier conforms to, given as a regular expression (regex).
Identifier pattern
Issuer of the identifier scheme
Identifier scheme issuer
The (unique) value of the identifier.
Identifier value
Reference standard version the instance schema refers to
Identifier scheme version
Actor identifier scheme
Substance of concern identifier
Material identifier scheme
Product identifier scheme
Product identifier granularity
According to ESPR Art 9 (2d) the digital product passport is to be established at model, batch or item level, and the definition of such levels is given by delegated acts;
CAS Number (Chemical Abstracts Service)
CAS
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EU). This is the EU’s official identifier for companies involved in import/export. Mandatory for any company trading with the EU. Used in customs declarations Unique per company Format: country code + number (e.g., DE123456789) This is the most widely used identifier for economic operators in EU trade.
EORI
Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EU
A globally unique identifier defined by GS1 used to identify legal entities, functional entities, and physical locations within business and supply chain processes. Typically identifies: legal entities, functional entities (departments), physical locations (warehouses, sites).
GLN
Global Location Number
A globally unique identifier for trade items, defined by GS1, used to identify products at various packaging levels.
Global Trade Identification Number as provided for in standard ISO/IEC 15459-6 or equivalent of products or their parts.
GTIN
ESPR Annex III (c)
Global Trade Item Number
A Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) is a globally unique 20-character alphanumeric code that identifies legally distinct entities participating in financial transactions, as defined by ISO 17442. A 20‑character code used globally for financial and regulatory reporting. Required for companies involved in financial transactions. Used by regulators, banks, customs, and some trade systems.
LEI
A Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) is an internal identifier assigned by an organization to uniquely identify and track a product, item, or variant within its own inventory and management systems.
SKU
Stock Keeping Unit
Assigns material origin to material used for product
Has material origin
Origin of the material used in product [ESPR Annex I]
Origin of material
[ESPR Annex I]
Links material to its type in some classification system used by the sector.
Has material type
Placeholder class for material type classification applicable in a sector or mandated by a delegated act (DA). Potential types could be, on the example of textile sector: cotton, nylon, ...
Material type
Product parameters: use or content of recycled materials and recovery of materials, including critical raw materials; [ESPR Annex I h)]
Critical raw material
[ESPR Annex I h)]
The specific part of the Product this material belongs to. Description. For example, in case of a textile product: [Main, Lining, Filling].
Part of product material is in
Product parameters: design for recycling, ease and quality of recycling as expressed through use of easily recyclable materials [ESPR Art 5 (1n), Annex I d)]
Recyclable material
ESPR Art 5 (1n), Annex I d)
Product parameters: use or content of sustainable renewable materials; [ESPR Annex I i)]
Sustainale or renewable material
ESPR Annex I i)
Material percentage in a Product, e.g., mass fraction (percentage by weight).
Material percentage
Percentage of recycled content
Recycled content amount in material
The property links DPP and the Product.
Applies to product
A Product has a DPP. The property links a Product with a DPP.
Has DPP
Linking quantitative property to the unit of measurement.
Has measurement unit
A property (respectively measurand of a property) of the product (model) that is expressed by a quantity value. A specific quantity.
Quantitative Property
Measurement unit defining the magnitude of the quantity in respect to the value. si:MeasurementUnit class is reused
Unit of measurement
Product group means a set of products that serve similar purposes and are similar in terms of use, or have similar functional properties, and are similar in terms of consumer perception (ESPR Art 2 (4)). The product group or groups covered are given by delegated acts. (ESPR Art 8 (a)) This will be probably a classification code from some product classification scheme .
Has product group
ESPR Art 2 (4)
A classification code from some product classification scheme .
ClassificationCode
Product has a property that could be a document or some measurable properties (measurands). Linking the product to the property.
Has property
A property of the product.
Property
A product is a component of another product. ‘component’ means a product intended to be incorporated into another product; [ESPR Art 2(2)]
Is component of
ESPR Art 2(2)
A product is a spare part of another product.
Is spare part of
ESPR Annex I
The product classification code set. See also Produc hasProductGroup ClassificationCode documentation.
Classification code set
Classification code value from the Classification code set.
Classification code value
Relevant commodity codes, such as a TARIC code as defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87.[ESPR Annex III (d)]
Commodity code
ESPR Annex III (d)
Content type of a document. Can be only “application” or “pdf”.
Content type
Product description
Description
The reference to the unique identifier of the data point specification defined in the repository/data dictionary. It is formatted as a URI/URL .
Dictionary reference
The status of the DPP instance as digital resource.
DPP status
ESPR Art 9 (2) d declares that the digital product passport is to be established at model, batch or item level, and the definition of such levels (is determined by delegated acts (DA)); The product passport should be defined at the level of item, batch or product model, depending on specific needs and complexity of the value chain, the size, nature or impacts of the products considered. (Standardisation Request 5423 7)
Granularity
ESPR Art 9 (2) d
Energy related product means any product that has an impact on energy consumption during use. (ESPR Art 2 (4)). The boolean data type property indicates is a Product energy related or not?
Is energy related Product
The date and time of the latest update to the DPP instance.
Last update
Where a new digital product passport is created for a product that already has a digital product passport, the new digital product passport shall be linked to the original digital product passport or passports. (ESPR Art 11 (d))
Link to previous DPP
ESPR Art 11 (d)
The numerical value of the quantity, i.e., quantitative property of the product.
Numerical value
An image of the product.
Product image
Product name
Engineering tolerance is the permissible variation in measurements deriving from the base measurement. Tolerances can apply to many different units.
Tolerance
The date and timestamp that the DPP is valid from.
Valid from
The date and timestamp that the DPP is valid until.
Valid until
Contains the data of the value encapsulated in the Document. Value is xsd:string that is formatted as a URL, where to fetch the file.
Value related to the document
Web link to an instruction document or video etc.
Weblink
Digital instructions mean instructions in digital format concerning the product (‘digital instructions’) in a language that can be easily understood. ESPR Art 27(7) Digital instructions are ensured by manufacturers. These should also ensured by importers. (ESPR Art 29(4)) This class can be extended/specialised according to delegated acts or industry standards.
DigitalInstruction
ESPR Art 27(7)
Carbon footprint means the sum of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas removals in a product system, expressed as CO equivalents and based on a life cycle assessment using the single impact category of climate change. (ESPR Art 2 25)) This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
means the sum of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas removals in a product system, expressed as CO equivalents and based on a life cycle assessment using the single impact category of climate change. (ESPR Art 2 25))
Carbon footprint
ESPR Art 2 (25)
Environmental footprint means a quantification of the environmental impacts resulting from a product throughout its life cycle, whether in relation to a single environmental impact category or an aggregated set of impact categories based on the Product Environmental Footprint method established by Recommendation (EU) 2 021/2279 or other scientific methods developed by international organisations, widely tested in collaboration with different industry sectors and adopted or implemented by the Commission in other Union law. (ESPR Art 2 (24)). Product parameters list ESPR Annex I (m) The environmental footprint of the product, expressed as a quantification; This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
A comprehensive quantification of all environmental impacts resulting from a product throughout its life cycle. EnvironmentalFootprint may cover a single impact category or an aggregated set of categories according to the Product Environmental Footprint method (ESPR Art. 2(24)).
Environmental footprint
ESPR Art 2 (24)
Circular Economy indicators are measures for relevant monitoring the transition to a circular economy and to measure the effects of new policy and trends. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Circular Economy Indicator
The concentration of the substances of concern, at the level of the product, its relevant components, or spare parts ESPR Art 7(5)
Concentration of the substance of concern
ESPR Art 7(5)
Durability means the ability of a product to maintain over time its function and performance under specified conditions of use, maintenance and repair. (ESPR Art 2 (22)) This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Durability
ESPR Art 2 (22)
Product characteristics like durability and reliability. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Quality indicator
Product parameters are listed in the ESPR Annex I : (q) emissions to air, water or soil released in one or more lifecycle stages of the product as expressed through quantities and nature of emissions, including noise. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Emission to air
Emission is the act or amount of sending out gas, heat, light, etc. It can also refer to harmful substances that are released into the environment, especially carbon dioxide. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Environmental emission
Emission to soil
Emission to water
Energy consumption of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Energy consumption
Resource consumption of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Resource consumption
Environmental pollution is the addition of any substance or form of energy to the environment at a rate faster than it can be dispersed or safely stored. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Environmental pollution
Hazardous waste amount of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Hazardous waste amount
Waste generation amount of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Waste generation amount
Height of the product
Height
Dimension class covers measurements of length, width, height, volume, and weight of the product required by ESPR Annex I in its product parameters
Product dimension
Land use of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Land use
Length of the product
Length
Material footprint refers to the total amount of raw materials extracted to meet final consumption demands. (ESPR Art 2 (26)) This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
refers to the total amount of raw materials extracted to meet final consumption demands. (ESPR Art 2 (26)).
Material footprint
ESPR Art 2 (26)
Product parameters as listed in the ESPR Annex I : (p) microplastic and nano plastic release as expressed through the release during relevant product life cycle stages, including manufacturing, transport, use and end of life stages; This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Microplastic release
Plastic release
Nanoplastic release
Packaging waste amount of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Packaging waste amount
Plastics waste amount
ESPR Annex I, the list of product parameters includes the parameter called the product to packaging ratio. However, it is not specified in ESPR whether that ratio is defined on the basis of weight or on the basis of volume. **This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.**
Product to packaging ratio
This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Recoverable rate
Recycled materials use of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Recycled materials use
Recycling collection rate
Recycling rate
Reliability means the probability that a product functions as required under given conditions for a given duration without an occurrence which results in a primary or secondary function of the product no longer being performed. (ESPR Art 2 (16)) Reliability is usually expressed in terms of mean time between failures (MTBF), which is the average length of time that a device will operate without failure. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Reliability
Sustainable renewable materials use of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Sustainable renewable materials use
Relevant threshold of Substance of Concern. By default, information on all substances of concern present in a product, above the relevant thresholds, should be included in the DPP [ESPR FAQ 10.115, p59]
Threshold of substance of concern
ESPR FAQ 10.115, p59
Volume of the product
Volume
Water consumption of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
Water consumption
Weight of the product
Weight
Width of the product
Width
Defines the the concentration, maximum concentration or concentration range of the substances of concern, at the level of the product, its relevant components, or spare parts; ESPR Art 7(5)
Has concentration
Describes the life cycle stage during which the Substance of Concern occurs for product (used during production, resulting being in product, in waste); ESPR Annex I (f). Known issue: Range is some type of an Event, not yet present in the EU DPP CO.
Has life cycle stage
ESPR Annex I (f)
Describes relevant threshold of Substance of Concern. By default, information on all substances of concern present in a product, above the relevant thresholds, should be included in the DPP [ESPR FAQ 10.115, p59]
Has threshold
The abbreviation used for the Substance of Concern; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
Abbreviation
Other names, including usual name, trade name, abbreviation; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
Other names
ESPR Article 7(5)
Describes the impacts of Substance of Concern on environment; ESPR Annex I (f)
Has impact on environment
Describes the impacts of Substance of Concern on human health; ESPR Annex I (f)
Has impact on human health
The Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) name, if available; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
CAS name
Name in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature, or another international name when IUPAC name is not available [ESPR Article 7(5)]
IUPAC name
The Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number, if available; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
CAS number
EXAMPLES: Mercurous Oxide EC Number: 239-934-0 CAS Number: 15829-53-5
European Community (EC) number, as indicated in the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS), the European List of Notified Chemical Substances (ELINCS) or the No Longer Polymer (NLP) list or the number assigned by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), if available and appropriate [ESPR Article 7(5)]
EC number
Location of the substance in the product; ESPR Art 7(5)
Location of substance
The trade name under which the Substance of Concern is known; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
Trade name
The usual name under which the Substance of Concern is known; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
Usual name
Means a chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process, including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process used, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition; ESPR Art 2, Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
Substance
ESPR Art 2
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
Property defining specifies conformity assess procedure/cerfication scheme underlying the cerfificate.
according to
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#art_4 Decision No 768/2008/EC Art 4
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_43 ESPR Art 43
A property that specifies the conformity assment procedure applicable to the type of product
allows Conformity Assessment Module
A property which specifies which Union Harmonisation Legislation conformity is declared to.
conformity declared to
ESPR Annex V
A property providing the Union Harmonisation Legislation refered to in the EU Declaration of Conformity.
has Union Harmonisation Legislation
ESPR Annex V, (5)
This property specifies which harmonised standards (or parts thereof) was used to assess conformity with the Union harmonistation legislation.
used for presumtion of conformity
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R8
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_41 ESPR Art 41
Product requirements means a requirement to be fullfilled by a product when placed on the market.
Product Requirement
Standardised identification that makes it easier to identify and describe legislation across Europe.
assigned ELI
certificate number
certificate revision number
Common specification means ecodesign requirements, essential requirements for digital product passports or test, measurement or calculation methods established by implementing acts adopted by the Commission for products covered by delegated acts pursuant to ESPR Article 4.
Common Specification
ESPR Art 42, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj#art_42
Technical specification means a document that prescribes technical requirements to be fulfilled by a product, process, service or system and which lays down one or more of the following: Common Specification or Other Technical Specification.
Technical Specification
Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 Art 2 (4) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32012R1025#art_2
Harmonised Standard means a European standard adopted on the basis of a request made by the Commission for the application of Union harmonisation legislation.
Harmonised Standard
Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 Art 2 (1c), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32012R1025#art_2
Other technical specifications in relation to which conformity is declared.
Other Technical Specification
ESPR Annex V, (6)
Decision No 768/2008/EC module A Internal production control
module A
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4
Decision No 768/2008/EC module A1. Internal production control plus supervised product testing
module A1
Decision No 768/2008/EC module A2 Internal production control plus supervised product checks at random intervals
module A2
Decision No 768/2008/EC module B EC-type examination
module B
Decision No 768/2008/EC module C Conformity to type based on internal production control
module C
Decision No 768/2008/EC module C1 Conformity to type based on internal production control plus supervised product testing
module C1
Decision No 768/2008/EC module C2 Conformity to type based on internal production control plus supervised product checks at random intervals
module C2
Decision No 768/2008/EC module D Conformity to EU-type based on quality assurance of the production process
module D
Decision No 768/2008/EC module D1 Quality assurance of the production process
module D1
Decision No 768/2008/EC module E Conformity to EU-type based on product quality assurance
module E
Decision No 768/2008/EC module E1 Quality assurance of final product inspection and testing
module E1
Decision No 768/2008/EC module F Conformity to EU-type based on product verification
module F
Decision No 768/2008/EC module F1 Conformity based on product verification
module F1
Decision No 768/2008/EC module G Conformity based on unit verification
module G
Decision No 768/2008/EC moduleH Conformity based on full quality assurance
module H
Decision No 768/2008/EC module H1 Conformity based on full quality assurance plus design examination
module H1
The LCA module provides classes and properties for representing life-cycle-assessment related information of the digital passport data of some product. DEPENDENCIES: This module has dependencies to the product EU DPP Core Ontology modules: P_DPP.
The LCA module of the EU regulatory compliant Digital Product Passport (EU DPP LCA)
The LCA module of an EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project. "This module extends the LCAnet Impact Assessment module (https://w3id.org/lcanet/ia, Danash et al.) developped in the context of the SmartACV Carnot project (CEA List) with additional classes and properties for DPP modeling within the Cirpass-2 project. Original module published under CC BY 4.0."""
An impact category refers to a specific metric/measurable quantity that is used to quantify an impact category. (LCAnet Ontology, SmartACV Project, Version 1.0, 2025) Examples include: Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).
An impact category represents a specific environmental issue that the LCA aims to assess, such as global warming or ozone depletion. Each category aggregates the effects of different emissions that contribute to the same environmental problem. (LCAnet Ontology, SmartACV Project, Version 1.0, 2025) An impact category is classified as whether is corresponds to environmental impact, social impact, etc.
A characterization model provides a mathematical framework, as a set of equations, to quantify an impact category based on the chosen method. A characterization model is used by a method. (LCAnet Ontology, SmartACV Project, Version 1.0, 2025) Example: IPCC (2021) AR6.
Also called Impact factors, are factors that quantify the relative impact of different substances within the same category. These factors are used to convert the number of emissions into impact scores for each category. (LCAnet Ontology, SmartACV Project, Version 1.0, 2025)
A measurable outcome of a life cycle assessment, representing the quantified effect of a product.
A phase in the life cycle of a product, from raw material acquisition through production, use, and end-of-life, in accordance with life cycle concepts defined in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044
A type of LCAResult that quantifies the flows of materials, energy, or emissions associated with a product
A category representing the type of flow quantified in a life cycle assessment. It is used to classify FlowResults according to the kind of resource or emission being measured.
A type of LCAResult that quantifies the effect of a product on a specific impact category, such as climate change, human toxicity, or eutrophication
A category representing the type of an impact category measured in a life cycle assessment. Each ImpactType classifies ImpactCategories according to the area of concern, such as environmental, social, economic, or human health.
Related LCIA methods can be grouped under LCIA methodologies. (ILCD Handbook, General guidance). Examples of methodologies include EN15804+A2, EF v3.1, Impact World.
LCIA methods allow to transform and aggregate emissions to the environment and resource use data into a limited set of interpretable and reportable impact potential scores. (Adapted from LCAnet Ontology, SmartACV Project, Version 1.0, 2025)
Quantifies the release of airborne pollutants (e.g., particulate matter, photochemical ozone formation) over the life cycle of a product. AirPollutionFootprint is an ImpactResult associated with relevant environmental impact categories.
A type of flow representing substances released to the environment during a product’s life cycle.
A type of flow representing the consumption or use of natural resources throughout a product’s life cycle.
Quantifies the total energy use associated with a product throughout its life cycle, including renewable and non-renewable sources. EnergyFootprint is a FlowResult linked to the Energy FlowType.
Quantifies nutrient enrichment impacts (eutrophication) on freshwater, marine, or terrestrial ecosystems caused by a product during its life cycle. It aggregates relevant ImpactCategories.
Quantifies the consumption of fossil energy (coal, oil, natural gas) by a product during its life cycle. It is a specialized EnergyFootprint and a FlowResult with FlowType FossilEnergy.
Quantifies the occupation and transformation of land caused by a product throughout its life cycle. LandFootprint is an ImpactResult linked to the LandUse impact category.
Quantifies the potential stratospheric ozone layer depletion caused by substances emitted by a product throughout its life cycle. It is an ImpactResult linked to the Ozone Depletion impact category.
Quantifies the potential human health and ecological toxicity impacts of a product over its life cycle. ToxicityFootprint aggregates relevant ImpactCategories such as Human Toxicity (cancer and non-cancer) and Ecotoxicity.
Quantifies the freshwater consumption associated with a product throughout its life cycle. WaterFootprint is a FlowResult linked to the Water FlowType.
(Van Zelm et al, 2008) as applied in ReCiPe 2008
Abiotic resource depletion (ADP ultimate reserves)
Measures the amount of mineral and metal resources consumed by a product system. Represented as FlowResult of type MineralsAndMetalsFlow. Can be used to calculate the MaterialFootprint.
(Seppälä et al. 2006, Posch et al, 2008)
(Seppälä et al., 2006, Posch et al, 2008)
Measures the potential of a product system's emissions to cause acidification in ecosystems (soil, water, vegetation), mainly from SO₂, NOx, and NH₃ emissions.
(Fantke et al. 2017), adapted as in Saouter et al., 2018
Biotic resource depletion fossil fuels (ADP-fossil)
Measures the amount of fossil resources consumed by a product system, including coal, oil, and natural gas. Represented as FlowResult of type FossilResourceFlow.
Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (CTUe)
Comparative Toxic Unit for humans (CTUh)
Measures the potential carcinogenic effects of a product system on humans due to chemical emissions.
Measures the potential non-carcinogenic effects of a product system on humans due to chemical emissions.
Stage involving transport and distribution of the product to the market.
based on the ODPs of the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) over an infinite time horizon (WMO 2014 + integrations)
Stage involving disposal, recycling, or recovery of the product.
(Struijs et al, 2009) as applied in ReCiPe 2008
Measures potential nutrient enrichment of freshwater ecosystems due to emissions of N and P compounds, causing effects such as algal blooms.
Measures potential nutrient enrichment of marine ecosystems due to emissions of N and P compounds.
Measures potential nutrient enrichment of terrestrial ecosystems due to nitrogen deposition.
Fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment (P)
Fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment (N)
Global warming potential (GWP) over a 100-year time horizon
Human exposure efficiency relative to U235
Measures the potential human health impact of ionizing radiation due to a product system, including exposure to radioactive substances.
Measures the potential human health impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted by a product system, including respiratory and cardiovascular effects.
Soil quality index based on LANCA model (De Laurentiis et al. 2019) and on the LANCA CF version 2.5 (Horn and Maier, 2018)
Measures the potential environmental impact of land occupation and transformation due to a product system, including both the area of land used and its conversion from one type to another.
Land use (occupation and transformation)
Stage involving material processing and product manufacturing.
Measures the potential reduction of the stratospheric ozone layer caused by emissions of ozone-depleting substances in a product system.
Measures the potential human health impact of photochemical ozone formation (smog) due to VOCs and NOx emissions from a product system.
Photochemical ozone formation, human health
Stage involving extraction and acquisition of raw materials.
Tropospheric ozone concentration increase
Stage during which the product is used by the end user.
User deprivation potential (deprivation-weighted consumption)