CORE of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 project.
type: Ontology
imports: Actors and roles module for an EU DPP core ontology proposed by CIRPASS-2 European project.
imports: CON
imports: EU DPP Core Ontology Event Module
imports: The Identifier (IDENT) module of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
imports: The Materials (MAT) module of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
imports: The Product and DPP module of an EU regulatory compliant Digital Product Passport Core Ontology (EU DPP CO) proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
imports: The Substance of Concern (SOC) module of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
imports: The Compliance module of an EU Digital Product Passport Core Ontology (EU DPP CO) proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
contributor: Hele-Mai Haav
contributor: Riina Maigre
created: 2025-02-27
creator: Tarmo Robal
description: The CORE is the integration ontology that imports all the specific ontology modules and the connector (bridge) ontology of these. -- THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER. All liability for any damages arising from use or misuse of this vocabulary is with the user.
issued: 2026-07-06
licence: LICENSE-2.0
licence: This ontology is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. In case of dispute over Apache 2.0 applicability, or in case considering the ontology as a document, this ontology document is to be considered licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
preferred namespace prefix: eudpp
comment: The CORE of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project.
label: EU DPP CORE
version info: 2.0.5

Actors and roles module for an EU DPP core ontology proposed by CIRPASS-2 European project.
type: Ontology
contributor: Hele-Mai Haav
contributor: Tarmo Robal
creator: Riina Maigre
description: Actor module of an EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project. DEPENDENCIES: This module has dependencies to the following EU DPP Core Ontology modules: CON, P_DPP, EVENT. For more information, see Maigre, R., Haav, H.-M., Robal, T., Wolf, M.-A., & Danash, F. (2025). Ontology Requirements Specification for an EU DPP Core Ontology Proposal (1.1). CIRPASS-2 Consortium. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15270342 ======================= CHANGES FEB 2026 1. Applied CEON-inspired design principles. 2. Modelled several Actor properties using schema.org properties, such as address, email, telephone, url, geo. 3. Changed Role class hierarchy. CHANGES APRIL 2026 1. Moved identifier logic to connector. 2. Fixed AutorisedRepresentativeRoleAssignment name (previously AutorisedRepresentationAssignment).
issued: 2025-03-14
comment: The Actor module of an EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
label: EU DPP CO ACTOR
version info: 2.0.0
license: This ontology is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. In case of dispute over Apache 2.0 applicability, or in case considering the ontology as a document, this ontology document is to be considered licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
license: LICENSE-2.0
modified: 2026-04-30
preferred namespace prefix: act

EU DPP Core Ontology Event Module
type: Ontology
contributor: Riina Maigre
contributor: Tarmo Robal
contributor: theodor chirvasuta
created: 2026-03-06
creator: Elio Hbeich
description: Provides classes and properties for representing event carriers and their event-specific dependencies in the Core Ontology modules.
issued: 2026-03-06
comment: Draft Event module of the EU DPP Core Ontology. It includes ESPR-level event concepts, EPCIS-inspired event carrier types, identifier-based event structures, transformation, aggregation and transaction dependencies, and links between product events, DPP events, and their technical representations.
label: Event module
version info: Version 0.1.0 DRAFT
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
preferred namespace prefix: evt
bibliographic citation: EU DPP Core Ontology Event Module. Draft version 0.1.0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15270342/
preferred namespace uri: https://w3id.org/eudpp#

The Identifier (IDENT) module of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
type: Ontology
contributor: Riina Maigre
created: 2026-04-13
creator: Tarmo Robal
description: MODULE: IDENT Identifier module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project. The Identifier module proposes an universal approach for identifiers used in the EU DPP CO delivered by the CIRPASS-2 European Project. The module describes identifiers used for the project through aspects and scheme references, if appropriate, granularity is added. --- DESIGN RESTRICTION: Specific modules of the EU DPP CO need to use the Connector to establish a link to the Identifiers module. The link needs to be establsihed to a subclass of aIdentifier class, e.g., Product hasUniqueProductIdentifier ProductIdentifier. --- DEPENDENCIES: This module may have dependencies to all EU DPP Core Ontology (CO) modules that use different types of identifiers, including: CON, P_DPP, SOC, ACTOR, ... -- THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER. All liability for any damages arising from use or misuse of this vocabulary is with the user.
issued: 2026-04-28
licence: This ontology is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. In case of dispute over Apache 2.0 applicability, or in case considering the ontology as a document, this ontology document is to be considered licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
licence: LICENSE-2.0
preferred namespace prefix: ident
comment: First iteration of the Identifier module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project.
label: EU DPP IDENT
version info: 1.0.5

The Materials (MAT) module of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
type: Ontology
contributor: Riina Maigre
created: 2026-04-10
creator: Tarmo Robal
description: MODULE: MATERIAL Material module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project. DEPENDENCIES: This module has dependencies to the following EU DPP Core Ontology (CO) modules: CON, P_DPP, SOC. Under the ESPR, products must disclose what materials they contain, where those materials come from, whether they include substances of concern, and how those materials support durability, repairability, recyclability, and circularity. The main requiremetns regarding materials are given in ESPR Annex I. =============== v.1.0.2 - linking MAT to IDENT for material identifier and its scheme. - #materialIdentifier and #materialIdentifierScheme become OBSOLETE. v.1.0.1 - Initial version -- THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER. All liability for any damages arising from use or misuse of this vocabulary is with the user.
issued: 2026-04-28
licence: This ontology is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. In case of dispute over Apache 2.0 applicability, or in case considering the ontology as a document, this ontology document is to be considered licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
licence: LICENSE-2.0
preferred namespace prefix: mat
comment: First iteration of the Material module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project.
label: EU DPP MAT
version info: 1.0.2

The Product and DPP module of an EU regulatory compliant Digital Product Passport Core Ontology (EU DPP CO) proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
type: Ontology
contributor: Riina Maigre
contributor: Tarmo Robal
contributor: Theodor Chirvasuta
created: 2025-01-29
creator: Hele-Mai Haav (up until version 1.7.1 incl.), further maintained by contributors.
description: The EU DPP core ontology proposed in CIRPASS-2 European project is a shared formal specification of basic concepts and properties/relationships in the cross-sectorial DPP domain to facilitate knowledge sharing across sector-specific DPPs. The proposed EU DPP core ontology captures several modules from which the Product and DPP module plays a central role. DEPENDENCIES: This module has dependencies to the following EU DPP Core Ontology (CO) modules: CON, ACTOR, SOC. For more information, see Maigre, R., Haav, H.-M., Robal, T., Wolf, M.-A., & Danash, F. (2025). Ontology Requirements Specification for an EU DPP Core Ontology Proposal (1.1). CIRPASS-2 Consortium. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15270342 ======================= 30 April 2026 - Release v.2.0.0 CHANGES APR 2026 (switch to IDENT module) (v.1.9.4) 1. The following data properties become obsolete: - #uniqueProductIdentifier - #uniqueProductIdentifierScheme Instead, use object property hasUniqueProductIdentifier with domain as Product and Range as ProductIdentifier declased in the Connector. 2. The following data properties become obsolete: - #digitalProductPassportId - #dppSchemaVersion Instead, use object property hasDigitalProductPassportId with domain as DPP and range as #DPPIdentifier. CHANGES APR 2026 (JTC24 alignment) (v.1.9.2) 1. Added additional values for range: Inactive, Invalid for data property DPP status 2. Rename #status to #dppStatus, change of IRI. 3. Rename #uniqueDPPID to #digitalProductPassportId, change of IRI, label and range. 4. Rename #schemaVersion to #dppSchemaVersion, change of IRI, label. 5. Changing data property #granularity range to model, batch or item (refactoring product to item). CHANGES FEB 2026 (v.1.9.1) 1. Alignment with design principles 2. skos:exactMatch for Product changed to more appropriate skos:closeMatch 3. Renamed uniqueProductID to uniqueProductIdentifier 4. Added uniqueProductIdentifierScheme 5. Removed #facilityID. Now described through ACTOR module. 6. #Documen…
issued: 2026-04-30
comment: The Product and DPP module of an EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
label: EU DPP CO P_DPP
version info: 2.0.0
license: This ontology is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. In case of dispute over Apache 2.0 applicability, or in case considering the ontology as a document, this ontology document is to be considered licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
license: LICENSE-2.0
preferred namespace prefix: dpp
bibliographic citation: zenodo.15270342

The Substance of Concern (SOC) module of the EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
type: Ontology
contributor: Hele-Mai Haav
created: 2025-02-27
creator: Tarmo Robal
description: MODULE: SOC Substances of Concern module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project. DEPENDENCIES: This module has dependencies to the following EU DPP Core Ontology (CO) modules: CON, P_DPP. The third iteration of the Substances of Concern module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project. The information requirements laid out in ESPR Art 7(2) and Art 7(5) for products require the information requirements to make it possible to track the substances of concern, throughout the life cycle of the products concerned. These information requirements for specific product groups are specified in the delegated acts adopted pursuant to Art 4 of ESPR. This module addresses only the information requirements referred and stated in the ESPR. ===================================== CONTEXT: Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Art 3(1) defines Substance: means a chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process, including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process used, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition; ------------------------------------------------------------------- Known issues: - hasLifeCycleStage misses range (Event). -- THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER. All liability for any damages arising from use or misuse of this vocabulary is with the user.
issued: 2026-04-30
licence: This ontology is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. In case of dispute over Apache 2.0 applicability, or in case considering the ontology as a document, this ontology document is to be considered licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
licence: LICENSE-2.0
preferred namespace prefix: soc
comment: Third iteration of the Substances of Concern module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project.
label: EU DPP SOC
version info: 2.0.0

The Compliance module of an EU Digital Product Passport Core Ontology (EU DPP CO) proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
type: Ontology
contributor: Gisa Foyer
contributor: Jens Niederhausen
created: 2026-06-05
creator: Daniel Hutzschenreuter
description: The ESPR refers to the EU Declaration of Conformity (EU-DoC) as a key element to provide knowledge on compliance with regulatory requirements for relevant products. Thus, the design of the ontology module for compliance was focused on establishing information and relations between information to provide the EU-DoC in a reliable form and according to the requirements set out in Article 44 and Annex V of the ESPR. For developing the ontology model, the following competency questions guided the basic design of the underlying knowledge graph. Q1: Provide all information from the DPP relevant to be presented with the EU-DoC (extract the EU-DoC). Q2: Did the manufacturer declare an authorized representative to issue the EU-DoC? Q3: Which Union Harmonised Legislation is applied for the product? Q4: Which product requirements need to be fulfilled for the product? Q5: Which notified bodies did an assessment of the product requirements according to which conformity assessment modules? --------- The compliance module introduces the class EUDeclarationOfConformity as knowledge graph node to access all information required by the ESPR Annex V for the EU-DoC. Objects from the Product and Actor ontology modules provide substantial information in the context of the EU-DoC and relevant links are provided through the Connector ontology. In particular, EUDeclarationofConformity is a subclass of the Document product property. Different Actor objects can be linked to identify the entities such as the issuer of the EU-DoC, its signer, the product manufacturer or the authorized representative on behalf of the manufacturer. It is important to note, that an Actor who is the manufacturer must provide the Actor role assignment to the manufacturer's role. If an authorized representative is provided, the Actor must provide an Authorized representative assignment linked to the manufacturer's role. In addition, the compliance ontology provides classes for defining the Union Harmonisation Legislat…
issued: 2026-06-05
comment: Note1: CE-marking is applicable, if a product fulfills all requirements of product-specific Union Harmonization Legislation which need to be applied for the product. The EU-DoC must provide information for all Union Harmonisation Legislation that is applied for the product. Thus, no explicit identification of Union Harmonisation Legislation relevant for CE marking is required, as this is an intrinsic property. Note 2: Annex V of the ESPR mentions technical documentation in addition to conformity certificates as possible data elements to include in the DPP for “compliance documentation and information required under this Regulation or other Union law applicable to the product”. These could be included as Documents in the product ontology and in an upcoming version of the compliance module references will be added.
comment: The Compliance module of an EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
label: EU DPP CO COMP
version info: 1.0.0
license: LICENSE-2.0
license: This ontology is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. In case of dispute over Apache 2.0 applicability, or in case considering the ontology as a document, this ontology document is to be considered licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
preferred namespace prefix: comp
bibliographic citation: zenodo.15270342

Has actor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links actor role assignment to actor
domain: Actor role assignment
range: Actor

Actor role assignment
type: Class
comment: Assigns a role to the actor in a particular context (DPP, Product, Event).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Has role
  all values from: Role

Actor
type: Class
comment: Actor means a legal or natural person (e.g. John Doe, TNO). One actor can take on multiple roles; [CIRPASS-2 User Stories 3.1]
references: CIRPASS-2 User Stories 3.1
source: https://zenodo.org/records/17979585
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Has address
  all values from: PostalAddress

Has representative mandate
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a manufacturer to the mandate (assignment) that authorises an actor to act on the manufacturer's behalf.
domain: Actor
range: Authorised representative role assignment
inverse of: Represents manufacturer

Represents manufacturer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Used when the role is authorisedRepresentativeRole to indicate the manufacturer being represented.
domain: Authorised representative role assignment
range: Actor

Authorised representative role assignment
type: Class
comment: A specific assignment representing the written mandate between a manufacturer and an authorised representative; [ESPR Art 2 (43)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (43)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Actor role assignment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Has role
  has value: Authorised Representative

Has role
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an actor role assignment to a role.
domain: Actor role assignment
range: Role
inverse of: Is role of

Is role of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates role to an actor role assignment.
domain: Role
range: Actor role assignment

Role
type: Class
comment: Role means a set of tasks typically performed by one actor. (e.g. Responsible Economic Operator, Independent operator); [CIRPASS-2 User Stories 3.1]
references: CIRPASS-2 User Stories 3.1
source: https://zenodo.org/records/17979585

Is established in
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a legal person to the location where it is established.
domain: Legal Person
range: Location

Legal Person
type: Class
comment: A body of persons or an entity (as a corporation) considered as having many of the rights and responsibilities of a natural person and especially the capacity to sue and be sued.
source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/legal/legal%20person
subclass of: Actor
disjoint with: Natural Person

Is residing in
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a natural person to the location where they reside.
domain: Natural Person
range: Location

Natural Person
type: Class
comment: A human being as distinguished from a person (as a corporation) created by operation of law
source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/legal/natural%20person
subclass of: Actor

Is used by actor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a facility to an actor.
domain: Facility
range: Actor
inverse of: Uses facility

Uses facility
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates an actor to facility.
domain: Actor
range: Facility

Facility
type: Class
comment: A Facility may be a place where specific activities occur. A production/manufacturing facility means a factory. The term may refer to any place that makes things, or plants that generate electricity.
comment: Business facilities are structures that provide services to a business. This can include space for employees, technology, equipment and inventory. Facilities can be used for business administration, operations or to provide services to customers.
source: https://marketbusinessnews.com/financial-glossary/facility/
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Has address
  all values from: PostalAddress
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Has coordinates
  all values from: GeoCoordinates

Has address
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an Actor or Facility to its postal address, represented as a schema:PostalAddress

Has coordinates
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links facility to its coordinates, represented as schema:geo.

Actor name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Name of an actor.
domain: Actor
range: string

Assignment valid from
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date and time from which the actor role assignment is valid.
domain: Actor role assignment
range: dateTime

Assignment valid to
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date and time until which the actor role assignment is valid.
domain: Actor role assignment
range: dateTime

Registered trade name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Trade name under which a legal person or business operates and is registered.
domain: Actor
range: string

Registered trademark
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A trademark officially registered and owned by an actor.
domain: Actor
range: string

Has email
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Links an Actor to its email address.
range: string

latitude
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Links facility to its coordinates. Part of schema:geo.
range: decimal

longitude
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Links facility to its coordinates. Part of schema:geo.
range: decimal

Has phone
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Links an Actor to its phone.
range: string

URL
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The official website or webpage of the actor.
range: anyURI

Authorised Representative
type: Economic operator role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Authorised representative means any natural or legal person established in the Union that has received a written mandate from the manufacturer to act on the manufacturer’s behalf in relation to specified tasks with regard to the manufacturer’s obligations under this Regulation; [ESPR Art 2 (43)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (43)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Authority role
type: Class
comment: Parent class for roles of authorities, such as market surveillance authority, customs authority, etc.
subclass of: Role

Circular economy role
type: Class
comment: Parent class for roles related to circular economy, such as remanufacturer, refurbisher, etc.
subclass of: Role

Conformity assessment role
type: Class
comment: Conformity assessment means the process demonstrating whether the ecodesign requirements set out in the relevant delegated acts adopted pursuant to Article 4 have been fulfilled; [ESPR Art 2 (51)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (51)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Role

Economic operator role
type: Class
comment: Economic operator means the manufacturer, the authorised representative, the importer, the distributor, the dealer and the fulfilment service provider; [ESPR Art 2 (46)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (46)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Role

End user role
type: Class
comment: Parent class for roles of end users, such as consumer, etc.
subclass of: Role

European Commission
type: Legal Person
type: NamedIndividual
comment: The European Commission, abbreviated as EC, is the executive branch of the European Union.
source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php

European Union
type: NamedIndividual
comment: European Union is used here as a jurisdictional or geographic entity for legal and regulatory contexts.

Conformity Assessment Body
type: Conformity assessment role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Conformity assessment body means a body that performs conformity assessment activities including calibration, testing, certification and inspection; [ESPR Art 2 (52)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (52)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Consumer
type: End user role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Consumer means any natural person who, in relation to contracts covered by Directive (EU) 2019/771, is acting for purposes which are outside that person's trade, business, craft or profession; [Directive (EU) 2019/771, Art 2 (2)]
references: Directive (EU) 2019/771, Art 2 (2)
source: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/771/oj
broader: Customer

Customer
type: End user role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Customer means a natural or legal person that purchases, hires or receives a product for their own use whether or not acting for purposes which are outside their trade, business, craft or profession; [ESPR Art 2 (35)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (35)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Credential Agency
type: Role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A legal person that provides (professional) credentials to parties, which may be used to make and verify a variety of claims in the DPP, (ESPR) Art. 11 last paragraph. For example, a credentials agency could certify a professional repairer and provide appropriate credentials for the DPP system; [CIRPASS-2 User Stories 3.1]
references: CIRPASS-2 User Stories 3.1
source: https://zenodo.org/records/17979585

Customs Authority
type: Authority role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Customs authorities means customs authorities as defined in point 1 of Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013; [Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art 3 (24)]
comment: Customs authorities means the customs administrations of the Member States responsible for applying the customs legislation and any other authorities empowered under national law to apply certain customs legislation (Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 Art 5 (1);
references: Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art 3 (24)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj

Dealer
type: Economic operator role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Dealer means a distributor or any other natural or legal person that offers products for sale, hire or hire purchase, or that displays products, to end users in the course of a commercial activity, including through distance selling; and includes any natural or legal person that puts a product into service in the course of a commercial activity; [ESPR Art 2 (55)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (55)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
related: Distributor

Distributor
type: Economic operator role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Distributor means any natural or legal person in the supply chain, other than the manufacturer or the importer, that makes a product available on the market; [ESPR Art 2 (45)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (45)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
related: Dealer

DPP Service Provider
type: Role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Digital product passport service provider means a natural or legal person that is an independent third-party authorised by the economic operator which places the product on the market or puts it into service and that processes the digital product passport data for that product for the purpose of making such data available to economic operators and other relevant actors with a right to access those data under this Regulation or other Union law; [ESPR Art 2 (32)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (32)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

End User
type: End user role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: End user means any natural or legal person residing or established in the Union, to whom a product has been made available either as a consumer outside of any trade, business, craft or profession or as a professional end user in the course of its industrial or professional activities; [Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 Art 3 (21)]
references: Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art 3 (21)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj
related: Customer

Fulfilment Service Provider
type: Economic operator role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Fulfilment service provider means any natural or legal person offering, in the course of commercial activity, at least two of the following services: warehousing, packaging, addressing and dispatching, without having ownership of the products involved, excluding postal services as defined in point 1 of Article 2 of Directive 97/67/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (31), parcel delivery services as defined in point 2 of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2018/644 of the European Parliament and of the Council (32), and any other postal services or freight transport services; [Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 Art 3 (11)].
references: Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art 3 (11)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj

Importer
type: Economic operator role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Importer means any natural or legal person established in the Union that places a product from a third country on the Union market; [ESPR Art 2 (44)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (44)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Independent Operator
type: Circular economy role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Independent operator means natural or legal person that is independent of the manufacturer and is directly or indirectly involved in the refurbishment, repair, maintenance or repurposing of a product, and includes waste management operators, refurbishers, repairers, manufacturers or distributors of repair equipment, tools or spare parts, as well as publishers of technical information, operators offering inspection and testing services and operators offering training for installers, manufacturers and repairers of equipment; [ESPR Art 2 (47)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (47)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Issuing Agency
type: Role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Issuing agency is a legal persons that provide unique identifiers and data carriers Art 12 (4a). Under specific conditions, economic operators may perform the functions associated with an Issuing Agency; [ESPR Art 12 (4b)]
references: ESPR Art 12 (4a)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Manufacturer
type: Economic operator role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Manufacturer means any natural or legal person that manufactures a product or that has a product designed or manufactured and markets that product under their name or trademark; [ESPR Art 2 (42)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (42)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Market Surveillance Authority
type: Authority role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Market surveillance authority means an authority designated by a Member State under Article 10 as responsible for carrying out market surveillance in the territory of that Member State; [Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 Art 3 (4)]
references: Regulation (EU) 2019/1020, Art 3 (4)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj

Notified Body
type: Conformity assessment role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Notified body means a conformity assessment body notified in accordance with Chapter IX.; [ESPR Art 2 (53)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (53)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Professional Repairer
type: Circular economy role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Professional repairer means a natural or legal person that provides professional repair or maintenance services for a product, irrespective of whether that person acts within the manufacturer’s distribution system or independently; [ESPR Art 2 (48)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (48)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Recycler
type: Circular economy role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: An actor performing recycling, which means "any recovery operation by which waste materials are reprocessed into products, materials or substances whether for the original or other purposes. It includes the reprocessing of organic material but does not include energy recovery and the reprocessing into materials that are to be used as fuels or for backfilling operations" [WFD Art 3 (17)]
references: WFD Art 3 (17)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/98/oj
broader: Independent Operator

Refurbisher
type: Circular economy role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: An actor performing refurbishment, which means "actions carried out to prepare, clean, test, service and, where necessary, repair a product or a discarded product in order to restore its performance or functionality within the intended use and range of performance originally conceived at the design stage at the time of the placing of the product on the market."; [ESPR Art 2 (18)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (18)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
broader: Independent Operator

Remanufacturer
type: Circular economy role
type: NamedIndividual
comment: An actor performing remanufacturing, which means "actions through which a new product is produced from objects that are waste, products or components and through which at least one change is made that substantially affects the safety, performance, purpose or type of the product"; [ESPR Art 2 (16)]
references: ESPR Art 2 (16)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
broader: Manufacturer

The Connector module of the EU regulatory compliant Digital Product Passport Core Ontology (EU DPP CO) proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project.
type: Ontology
created: 2025-02-27
creator: Riina Maigre
creator: Tarmo Robal
description: Connector (Bridge) module that only defines object properties between modules. The connector contains only object properties that have domain and range specified in different modules. -- THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER. All liability for any damages arising from use or misuse of this vocabulary is with the user.
issued: 2026-07-06
licence: This ontology is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. In case of dispute over Apache 2.0 applicability, or in case considering the ontology as a document, this ontology document is to be considered licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
licence: LICENSE-2.0
preferred namespace prefix: con
comment: The CONNECTOR module of the EU DPP core ontology proposal of the CIRPASS-2 European project.
label: EU DPP CORE CONNECTOR
version info: 2.0

Concerns DPP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a DPP event to the Digital Product Passport whose content, state, or accessibility is affected by the event. This property captures information-level changes and is not intended to represent physical or operational events on the product. DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. DPPEvent is modelled in the EU DPP CO EVENT module.
domain: DPPEvent
range: Digital Product Passport (DPP)

Digital Product Passport (DPP)
type: Class
comment: Digital Product Passport (DPP) means a set of data specific to a product that includes the information specified in the applicable delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 4 and that is accessible via electronic means through a data carrier in accordance with Chapter III. (ESPR Art 2 (28))
references: ESPR Art 2 (28)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Concerns product
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a product event to the product whose state, condition, or lifecycle is affected by the event. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. ProductEvent is modelled in the EU DPP CO EVENT module.
domain: ProductEvent
range: Product

Product
type: Class
comment: Product means any physical goods that are placed on the market or put into service. ESPR Art 2 (1))
references: ESPR Art 2 (1)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Conformity attested by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Specifies the notified body that attest the product's conformity with Union harmonisation legislation. UnionHarmonisationLegislation is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
references: ESPR Annex V (7)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#anx_%C2%A0V
domain: Union Harmonised Legislation
range: Actor

Union Harmonised Legislation
type: Class
comment: Union Harmonisation Legislation shall mean any Union legislation harmonising the conditions for the marketing of products. Examples are directives, regulations and delegated acts.
source: Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R1 (17) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I

Contains substance of concern
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Linking the product to a substance of concern the product contains. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Substance of concern is modelled in the EU DPP CO SOC module.
domain: Class
  union of: Material of composition
  union of: Product
range: Substance of concern

Material of composition
type: Class
comment: Material the product (or component) is made of [ESPR Annex I]. Material as an element of composition.

Substance of concern
type: Class
comment: means a substance that:(a) meets the criteria laid down in Article 57 of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and is identified in accordance with Article 59(1) of that Regulation; (b) is classified in Part 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 in one of the following hazard classes or hazard categories: (i) carcinogenicity categories 1 and 2; (ii) germ cell mutagenicity categories 1 and 2; (iii) reproductive toxicity categories 1 and 2; (iv) endocrine disruption for human health categories 1 and 2; (v) endocrine disruption for the environment categories 1 and 2; (vi) persistent, mobile and toxic or very persistent, very mobile properties; (vii) persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic or very persistent, very bioaccumulative properties; (viii) respiratory sensitisation category 1; (ix) skin sensitisation category 1; (x) hazardous to the aquatic environment — categories chronic 1 to 4; (xi) hazardous to the ozone layer; (xii) specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure categories 1 and 2; (xiii) specific target organ toxicity — single exposure categories 1 and 2; (c) is regulated under Regulation (EU) 2019/1021; or (d) negatively affects the reuse and recycling of materials in the product in which it is present [ESPR Art 2(10)]
references: ESPR Art 2(10)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Substance

Has authorised representative
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Specifies the natural or legal person established within the Union who has received a written mandate from a manufacturer to act on his behalf in relation to the Declaration of Conformity. EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. Source: Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R1 (4) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I ESPR Annex V (2,9) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#anx_%C2%A0V
references: Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R1 (4)
references: ESPR Annex V (2,9)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#anx_%C2%A0V
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I
domain: EU Declaration of Conformity
range: Actor

EU Declaration of Conformity
type: Class
comment: The EU Declaration of Conformity shall state that the fulfilment of the ecodesign requirements specified in the applicable delegated acts adopted pursuant to ESPR Article 4 has been demonstrated or that a presumption of conformity applies in accordance with ESPR Article 41.
source: Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R10, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I
source: ESPR Art 44, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_44
subclass of: Document
subclass of: Thing

Has back-up-copy host
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The reference of the digital product passport service provider hosting the back-up copy of the digital product passport [ESPR Annex III]. DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
references: ESPR Annex III
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: Actor

Has digital product passport id
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Realisation for the Unique identifier of an instance of the digital product passport. DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. DPPIdentifier is modelled in the EU DPP CO IDENT module.
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: DPP identifier

DPP identifier
type: Class
subclass of: Identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Identifier value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
disjoint with: Material identifier
disjoint with: Facility identifier
disjoint with: Product identifier
disjoint with: Substance of concern identifier

Has EU Declaration of Conformity
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Specifies the EU declaration of conformity issued for the product. EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module.
references: Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R10
references: ESPR Art 44
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_44
domain: Product
range: EU Declaration of Conformity

Has economic operator
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Linking the product to the economic operator (Actor from ACTOR module). Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
domain: Product
range: Actor

Has issuer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Linking DPP with its issuer (Actor from ACTOR module). DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: Actor

Has LCA study
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A product has a LCA Result -- a measurable outcome of a life cycle assessment, representing the quantified effect of a product. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. LcaResult is modelled in the EU DPP CO LCA module.
domain: Product

Has manufacturer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A product has a manufacturer (Actor from ACTOR module). Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
domain: Product
range: Actor

Has material
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Linking the Product to a MaterialOfComposition. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. MaterialOfComposition is modelled in the EU DPP CO MAT module.
domain: Product
range: Material of composition

Has material identifier
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Realisation of thematerial indetifier as "Product parameters: identification of ... materials [ESPR Annex I c)]" MaterialOfComposition is modelled in the EU DPP CO MAT module. MaterialIdentifier is modelled in the EU DPP CO IDENT module.
domain: Material of composition
range: Material identifier

Material identifier
type: Class
subclass of: Identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Has scheme
  some values from: Material identifier scheme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Identifier value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
disjoint with: Product identifier
disjoint with: Substance of concern identifier

Has notified body
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Specifies the conformity assessment body notified in accordance with ESPR Chapter IX EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
references: Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Chapter R4
references: ESPR Chapter IX
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#cpt_IX
domain: EU Declaration of Conformity
range: Actor

Has responsible manufacturer
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Defines the natural or legal person responsible for the EU declaration of conformity. EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
references: ESPR Annex V (2,9)
references: Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R1 (3)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#anx_%C2%A0V
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I
domain: EU Declaration of Conformity
range: Actor

Has unique facility identifier
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Linking a Facility to its unique facility identifier. Facility is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. FacilityIdentifier is modelled in the EU DPP CO IDENT module.
references: ESPR Art 2 (33)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Facility
range: Facility identifier

Facility identifier
type: Class
comment: A unique code assigned to a physical site (factory, warehouse, plant, school, hospital, etc.), i.e., identifies a location.
subclass of: Identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Identifier value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
disjoint with: Material identifier
disjoint with: Product identifier
disjoint with: Substance of concern identifier

Has unique operator identifier
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Linking an Actor to their unique operator identifier. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. ActorIdentifier is modelled in the EU DPP CO IDENT module.
references: ESPR Art 2 (31)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Actor
range: Actor identifier

Actor identifier
type: Class
subclass of: Identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Has scheme
  some values from: Actor identifier scheme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Identifier value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
disjoint with: DPP identifier
disjoint with: Material identifier
disjoint with: Facility identifier
disjoint with: Product identifier
disjoint with: Substance of concern identifier

Has unique product identifier
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Realisation of the uniqueProductIdentifier. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. ProductIdentifier is modelled in the EU DPP CO IDENT module.
domain: Product
range: Product identifier

Product identifier
type: Class
subclass of: Identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Has scheme
  some values from: Product identifier scheme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Has granularity
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Product identifier granularity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Identifier value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
disjoint with: Substance of concern identifier

In context of activity
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates the actor role assignment to a specific lifecycle activity, such as a repair or recycling event (from the Event module). ActorRoleAssignment is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. Event is modelled in the EU DPP CO EVENT module.
domain: Actor role assignment
range: Event

In context of DPP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates the actor role assignment to a specific Digital Product Passport instance (from P_DPP module). ActorRoleAssignment is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module.
domain: Actor role assignment
range: Digital Product Passport (DPP)

In context of product
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates the actor role assignment to a specific product (from P_DPP module). ActorRoleAssignment is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module.
domain: Actor role assignment
range: Product

Is conform with
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Specifies Union Harminised Lagislation for which conformity of the product is stated.
domain: Product

Is connected to
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A DPP is connected to a facility. DPP is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module. Facility is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: Facility

Issued by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Specifies the natural or legal person issuing the Declaration of Conformity; ESPR Annex V, paragraph 3 requirement: "This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer:" EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
references: ESPR Annex V (3)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#anx_%C2%A0V
domain: EU Declaration of Conformity
range: Actor

Is notified for
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Specifies the conformity assessment activities, the conformity assessment module or modules and product or products concerned and the relevant attestation of competence UnionHarmonisationLegislation is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
references: Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R23 (3)
references: ESPR Article 56 (3)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_56
domain: Actor
range: Union Harmonised Legislation

Is signed by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Specifies the natural or legal person signying the Declaration of Conformity. EUDeclarationOfConformity is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
references: ESPR Annex V (9, 10)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#anx_%C2%A0V
domain: EU Declaration of Conformity
range: Actor

Issues certificate
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Specifies conformity assessment certificate issued for a certification. ConformityCertificate is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
references: ESPR Annex V (7)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#anx_%C2%A0V
domain: Actor
range: Conformity Certificate

Conformity Certificate
type: Class
comment: Conformity assessment certificate for a certification. The blue guide uses the term "cerficate of conformity". The ESPR uses "conformity certificate" as well as "certificate" and "approval decision".
source: Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001
source: ESPR Annex III (e)

Performed assessment according to
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Specifies conformity assess procedure/cerfication scheme performed by the notified body. ConformityAssessmentModule is modelled in the EU DPP CO COMP module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
references: ESPR Annex V (7)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#anx_%C2%A0V
domain: Actor
range: Conformity Assessment Module

Conformity Assessment Module
type: Class
comment: Conformity Assessment module means the possible conformity assessment elements that can be chosen, in accordance with certain criteria, to fullfill the conformity accessement required to be performed by Community harmonisation legislation in respect of a particular product.
source: Decision No 768/2008/EC Art 4, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#art_4
source: ESPR Art 43, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_43

Recorded by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a DPP event record to the actor that created the technical record of the logged DPP-side event. DPPEventRecord is modelled in the EU DPP CO EVENT module. Actor is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module.
domain: DPPEventRecord
range: Actor

Represents manufacturer for product
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates which product(s) the authorised representative's mandate covers. AuthorisedRepresentativeRoleAssignment is modelled in the EU DPP CO ACTOR module. Product is modelled in the EU DPP CO P_DPP module.
domain: Authorised representative role assignment
range: Product

Document
type: Class
comment: The document class describes the semantic representation of any instance of a document that might be required to be included into a digital product passport instance.
subclass of: Property

has action type
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates the action performed in a technical event carrier, specifying whether objects are added, observed, or deleted from the relevant event context or relationship.
source: GS1 EPCIS Standard
domain: Class
  union of: Aggregation Event
  union of: Association Event
  union of: Object Event
  union of: Transaction Event
range: Action Type

Aggregation Event
type: Class
comment: A technical event carrier representing the aggregation or disaggregation of child objects under a parent object, typically reflecting packaging, containment, or structural hierarchy changes. Each AggregationEvent has exactly one action type, may refer to at most one parent object identifier, and includes at least one child object identifier, at least one child quantity context, or both.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; adapted from the Event module mapping table.
subclass of: EPCIS Carrier
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has child object context
    on class: Instance Identifier
    min qualified cardinality: 1
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has child quantity context
    on class: Quantity Element
    min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has action type
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Action Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has parent object context
  on class: Instance Identifier
  max qualified cardinality: 1

Association Event
type: Class
comment: A technical event carrier introduced in the EU DPP Core Ontology to represent the association, dissociation, or observation of relationships between identifiable objects without implying physical aggregation or parent-child containment semantics. Each AssociationEvent has exactly one action type, may refer to at most one association anchor, and includes at least one associated child object identifier, at least one child quantity context, or both.
source: Defined in the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module as an EPCIS-inspired extension for expressing non-containment associations between identified entities.
subclass of: EPCIS Carrier
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has child object context
    on class: Instance Identifier
    min qualified cardinality: 1
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has child quantity context
    on class: Quantity Element
    min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has action type
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Action Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has association anchor
  max cardinality: 1

Object Event
type: Class
comment: A technical event carrier representing an action performed on one or more identifiable objects, captured either at instance level or at class-and-quantity level. Each ObjectEvent has exactly one action type and includes at least one instance-level identifier, at least one quantity context, or both.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; adapted from the Event module mapping table.
subclass of: EPCIS Carrier
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has identified object context
    on class: Instance Identifier
    min qualified cardinality: 1
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has quantity context
    on class: Quantity Element
    min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has action type
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Action Type

Transaction Event
type: Class
comment: A technical event carrier representing the association or disassociation of one or more identifiable objects with one or more business transactions. Each TransactionEvent has exactly one action type, is linked to at least one business transaction context, and includes at least one instance-level identifier, at least one quantity context, or both. It provides documentary or contextual linkage and shall not by itself be interpreted as a lifecycle transition.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; adapted from the Event module mapping table.
subclass of: EPCIS Carrier
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has identified object context
    on class: Instance Identifier
    min qualified cardinality: 1
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has quantity context
    on class: Quantity Element
    min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has business transaction context
  on class: Business Transaction Context
  min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has action type
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Action Type

Action Type
type: Class
comment: Specifies the business action associated with an event carrier, indicating how the event relates to the lifecycle of the involved objects.
source: GS1 EPCIS Standard
equivalent class: Class
  one of: ADD
  one of: DELETE
  one of: OBSERVE

has association anchor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an AssociationEvent to the contextual anchor of the association. This anchor may be either an identified object or a location, depending on the modelling context.
source: Defined in the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module to support non-containment associations between identified entities.
domain: Association Event
range: Class
  union of: Instance Identifier
  union of: Location

Instance Identifier
type: Class
comment: An identifier-based structure used to represent an object identified at instance level in an EPCIS-inspired event context.
source: Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module following EPCIS instance-level identification semantics.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: instance identifier value
  cardinality: 1

Location
type: Class
comment: A generic location representing a spatial entity that can serve as a context in an event. A location may play different roles depending on the event context, such as observation point or business location.
source: Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module to support generic location references in event contexts.

has business location
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an event carrier to the business location associated with the event.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; business location property adapted for the Event module.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: Business Location

EPCIS Carrier
type: Class
comment: A technical event class used as the abstract root of the Event carrier module. It represents a journalisation structure carrying the core event dimensions and serving as the superclass of specialised EPCIS-aligned event types. It is not itself a regulatory lifecycle event.
source: Derived from GS1 EPCIS 2.0 and adapted for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has business location
  on class: Business Location
  max qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has business step
  max cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  max cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has read point
  on class: Read Point
  max qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: event time
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: event time zone offset
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: event identifier
  max cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: recorded at
  max cardinality: 1

Business Location
type: Class
comment: A location playing the role of business context, indicating where the event is considered to take place from a business perspective.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; business location concept adapted for the Event module.
subclass of: Location

has business step
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an EPCIS carrier to the business step that provides the immediate business context of the event.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS 2.0 and CBV business step semantics for the Event module.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: Business Step

Business Step
type: Class
comment: A classification indicating the immediate business context of an EPCIS-inspired event.
source: Adapted from GS1 CBV business step semantics for the Event module.

has business transaction context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a TransactionEvent to a business transaction context associated with the event.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS bizTransactionList semantics for the Event module.
domain: Transaction Event
range: Business Transaction Context

Business Transaction Context
type: Class
comment: A contextual structure representing a business transaction associated with a transaction event.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS business transaction list semantics for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has business transaction type
  on class: Business Transaction Type
  max qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has business transaction identifier
  cardinality: 1

has business transaction type
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a business transaction context to its business transaction type classification.
source: Adapted from GS1 CBV business transaction type semantics for the Event module.
domain: Business Transaction Context
range: Business Transaction Type

Business Transaction Type
type: Class
comment: A classification indicating the business type of a transaction associated with an event.
source: Adapted from GS1 CBV business transaction type semantics for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module.

has child object context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an aggregation or association event to an instance-level identifier used to represent a child object.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS aggregation semantics for the Event module.
domain: Class
  union of: Aggregation Event
  union of: Association Event
range: Instance Identifier

has child quantity context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an aggregation or association event to a quantity element used to identify a child object at class level together with quantity information.
source: Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module to support class-level aggregation contexts.
domain: Class
  union of: Aggregation Event
  union of: Association Event
range: Quantity Element

Quantity Element
type: Class
comment: A structure representing a class-level identification context together with quantity information. It is used when an event refers to objects at class level rather than to individually identified instances.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS quantity list semantics for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: class identifier
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quantity value
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has unit of measure
  max cardinality: 1

has DPP action type
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a DPP update event to the type of information-level action performed on the Digital Product Passport.
domain: DPP Update Event
range: DPP Action Type

DPP Update Event
type: Class
comment: An event corresponding to an update of the content of a Digital Product Passport.
subclass of: DPP Event
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has DPP action type
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: DPP Action Type

DPP Action Type
type: Class
comment: A classification indicating the type of information-level action performed during a DPP update event.
equivalent class: Class
  one of: add data
  one of: correct data
  one of: delete data
  one of: modify data

has destination list
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an event carrier to a destination context associated with the event.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; destination list property adapted for the Event module.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: Source or Destination

Source or Destination
type: Class
comment: A contextual structure representing a source or a destination associated with an event in relation to a business transfer.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; source and destination list structure adapted for the Event module.

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an EPCIS carrier to the disposition that expresses the business state of the object or objects following the event.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS 2.0 and CBV disposition semantics for the Event module.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: Disposition

Disposition
type: Class
comment: A classification indicating the business state of the object or objects following an EPCIS-inspired event.
source: Adapted from GS1 CBV disposition semantics for the Event module.

has identified object context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an ObjectEvent or TransactionEvent to an instance-level identifier used to identify an object involved in the event context.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS epcList semantics for the Event module.
domain: Class
  union of: Object Event
  union of: Transaction Event
range: Instance Identifier

has input object context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a transformation event to an instance-level identifier used to represent an input object.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS transformation event input EPC semantics for the Event module.
domain: Transformation Event
range: Instance Identifier

Transformation Event
type: Class
comment: A technical event carrier representing the transformation of one or more input objects into one or more output objects, capturing material or structural change across event inputs and outputs. Each TransformationEvent includes at least one input context and at least one output context, expressed at instance level, quantity level, or both. It may refer to an identified transformation used to correlate multiple events describing the same transformation.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; adapted from the Event module mapping table.
subclass of: EPCIS Carrier
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has input object context
    on class: Instance Identifier
    min qualified cardinality: 1
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has input quantity context
    on class: Quantity Element
    min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has output object context
    on class: Instance Identifier
    min qualified cardinality: 1
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has output quantity context
    on class: Quantity Element
    min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has transformation
  on class: Transformation
  max qualified cardinality: 1

has input quantity context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a transformation event to a quantity element used to identify an input object at class level together with quantity information.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS transformation event input quantity semantics for the Event module.
domain: Transformation Event
range: Quantity Element

has output object context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a transformation event to an instance-level identifier used to represent an output object.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS transformation event output EPC semantics for the Event module.
domain: Transformation Event
range: Instance Identifier

has output quantity context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a transformation event to a quantity element used to identify an output object at class level together with quantity information.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS transformation event output quantity semantics for the Event module.
domain: Transformation Event
range: Quantity Element

has parent object context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an AggregationEvent to the instance-level identifier that acts as the parent object in the aggregation context.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS parentID semantics for the Event module.
domain: Aggregation Event
range: Instance Identifier

has product event
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an EPCIS-inspired technical event carrier to the product event semantics it journalises.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: Product Event
inverse of: is represented by carrier

is represented by carrier
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a product event concept to an EPCIS-inspired technical event carrier used to journalise and structure the corresponding event data.
domain: Product Event
range: EPCIS Carrier

Product Event
type: Class
comment: An ESPR-level event concept representing an event that affects the state, condition, use, circulation, transformation, maintenance, or end-of-life status of a product. A ProductEvent captures the product-facing semantics of the occurrence and is distinct from any DPP-side event that may be triggered to record or reflect it.
subclass of: ESPR Event

has quantity context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an ObjectEvent or TransactionEvent to a quantity element used to represent class-level identification together with quantity information in the event context.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS quantityList semantics for the Event module.
domain: Class
  union of: Object Event
  union of: Transaction Event
range: Quantity Element

has read point
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an event carrier to the read point at which the event observation or capture occurred.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; read point property adapted for the Event module.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: Read Point

Read Point
type: Class
comment: A location playing the role of observation point, indicating where the event was physically captured or observed.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; read point concept adapted for the Event module.
subclass of: Location

has source list
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links an event carrier to a source context associated with the event.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; source list property adapted for the Event module.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: Source or Destination

has source or destination entity
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a source-or-destination context to the entity that plays the source or destination role.
source: Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module to structure source and destination references.
domain: Source or Destination
range: Source or Destination Entity

Source or Destination Entity
type: Class
comment: An intermediate alignment class used to represent an entity that can play the role of source or destination in an event context. Its precise alignment to Actor, Organisation, Location, or other external concepts is intended to be specified in the mapping ontology.
source: Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module as an intermediate alignment point.

has source or destination type
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a source-or-destination context to its business type classification.
source: GS1 EPCIS and CBV source/destination typing semantics adapted for the Event module.
domain: Source or Destination
range: Source or Destination Type

Source or Destination Type
type: Class
comment: A classification indicating the business meaning of a source or destination associated with an event.
source: GS1 EPCIS and CBV source/destination type semantics adapted for the Event module.

has transformation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a TransformationEvent to the identified transformation it refers to.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS and CBV transformation identifier semantics for the Event module.
domain: Transformation Event
range: Transformation

Transformation
type: Class
comment: An identified transformation resource used to correlate one or more TransformationEvents that describe the same transformation.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS and CBV transformation identifier semantics for the Event module.

is recorded as
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a DPP event to a technical audit record representing its registration in an information system or audit trail.
domain: DPP Event
range: DPP Event Record
inverse of: records DPP event

records DPP event
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a DPP event record to the DPP event whose technical registration it captures.
domain: DPP Event Record
range: DPP Event

DPP Event
type: Class
comment: An ESPR-level event concept representing an event that affects the existence, content, accessibility, update, correction, or governance of a DPP. A DPPEvent captures the passport-facing semantics of the occurrence and is modelled as distinct from the product event that may trigger it.
subclass of: ESPR Event
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is triggered by product event
  all values from: Product Event
disjoint with: Product Event
disjoint with: DPP Event Record

DPP Event Record
type: Class
comment: A technical audit record used to represent and log an information-level event affecting a Digital Product Passport. Unlike EPCIS carriers, this class is intended for recording DPP-side information events rather than product-facing operational events.
source: Defined in the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module to support the technical recording of DPP-related events.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: records DPP event
  on class: DPP Event
  min qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: dpp event record identifier
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: dpp event recorded at
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: recorded in system
  max cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: recorded in system name
  max cardinality: 1
disjoint with: EPCIS Carrier

is triggered by product event
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a DPP event to the product event that caused or required it. This property is used when the DPP event results from a lifecycle change affecting the product.
domain: DPP Event
range: Product Event
inverse of: triggers DPP event

triggers DPP event
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a product event to a DPP event that is triggered as a consequence of it, reflecting the obligation to update the DPP following lifecycle changes of the product.
domain: Product Event
range: DPP Event

has business transaction identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Specifies the identifier of a business transaction associated with an event.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS business transaction identifier semantics for the Event module.
domain: Business Transaction Context
range: anyURI

class identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The class-level identifier used in a quantity element, such as a GTIN, LGTIN, or another EPC class identifier.
source: Adapted from EPCIS class-level identification semantics.
domain: Quantity Element
range: anyURI

dpp event record identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A unique identifier assigned to a DPP event record.
domain: DPP Event Record
range: anyURI

dpp event recorded at
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date and time at which the technical record of a DPP event was created in an information system or audit trail.
domain: DPP Event Record
range: dateTime

event identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A unique identifier assigned to the event.
source: GS1 EPCIS 1.2 and 2.0; optional event identifier adapted for the Event module.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: anyURI

event time
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date and time at which the event occurred.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; core event time property used in the Event module.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: dateTime

event time zone offset
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The time zone offset in effect at the time and place where the event occurred.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; core event time zone offset property used in the Event module.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: string

has quantity value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Specifies the quantity value associated with a class-level identification context.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS quantity semantics for the Event module.
domain: Quantity Element
range: decimal

has unit of measure
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Specifies the unit of measure associated with a quantity value in a quantity element.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS quantity semantics for the Event module.
domain: Quantity Element
range: string

instance identifier value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The identifier value used in the event context, such as an EPC, SGTIN, SSCC, GTIN, or similar identifier expressed as a URI.
source: Defined for the EU DPP Core Ontology Event module following EPCIS instance-level identification semantics.
domain: Instance Identifier
range: anyURI

recorded at
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date and time at which the event was recorded by the repository or information system.
source: GS1 EPCIS 2.0; record time semantics adapted for the Event module.
domain: EPCIS Carrier
range: dateTime

recorded in system
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Indicates the URI identifying the system, application, or audit log in which the DPP event record is maintained.
domain: DPP Event Record
range: anyURI

recorded in system name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Indicates the human-readable name of the system, application, or audit log in which the DPP event record is maintained.
domain: DPP Event Record
range: string

transformation identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Specifies the identifier of a transformation used to correlate one or more TransformationEvents that describe the same transformation.
source: Adapted from GS1 EPCIS and CBV transformationID semantics for the Event module.
domain: Transformation
range: anyURI

ADD
type: NamedIndividual
type: Action Type
comment: Indicates that objects are being added to the context of the event, such as being commissioned or aggregated.

DELETE
type: NamedIndividual
type: Action Type
comment: Indicates that objects are removed from the context of the event, such as being decommissioned or disaggregated.

OBSERVE
type: NamedIndividual
type: Action Type
comment: Indicates that objects are observed in the event context without changing their lifecycle state.

add data
type: NamedIndividual
type: DPP Action Type
comment: Indicates that new information is added to the Digital Product Passport.

correct data
type: NamedIndividual
type: DPP Action Type
comment: Indicates that erroneous, inconsistent, or incomplete information in the Digital Product Passport is corrected.

delete data
type: NamedIndividual
type: DPP Action Type
comment: Indicates that information is removed from the Digital Product Passport.

modify data
type: NamedIndividual
type: DPP Action Type
comment: Indicates that existing information in the Digital Product Passport is modified.

DPP Archival Event
type: Class
comment: An event corresponding to the archival or end-of-active-life management of a Digital Product Passport.
subclass of: DPP Event

DPP Creation Event
type: Class
comment: An event corresponding to the creation or initial issuance of a Digital Product Passport.
subclass of: DPP Event

ESPR Event
type: Class
comment: Abstract superclass introduced for modelling purposes. Used to represent the regulatory or business semantics of an event relevant in the ESPR context and concerning either a product or its DPP, independently of its technical journalisation.
source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; lifecycle-event-oriented abstraction introduced for modelling purposes.

Destruction
type: Class
comment: The intentional damaging or discarding of a product and unsold products as waste, with the exception of discarding for the sole purpose of delivering the discarded product for preparing for reuse, including refurbishment or remanufacturing operations. ESPR Art 2(34) and Art 25(1).
source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(34); Art 25(1)
subclass of: Product Event

Maintenance
type: Class
comment: Actions (one or more) taken to keep a product in a condition where it can fulfil its intended purpose. ESPR Art 2(19).
source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(19)
subclass of: Product Event

Making Available on the Market
type: Class
comment: Any supply of a product for distribution, consumption or use on the Union market in the course of a commercial activity, whether in return for payment or free of charge. ESPR Art 2(39).
source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(39)
subclass of: Product Event

Placing on the Market
type: Class
comment: The very first time a product is made available on the Union market. ESPR Art 2(40).
source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(40)
subclass of: Making Available on the Market

Putting into Service
type: Class
comment: The first use of a product for its intended purpose in the Union. ESPR Art 2(41).
source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(41)
subclass of: Product Event

Refurbishment
type: Class
comment: Actions carried out to prepare, clean, test, service and, where necessary, repair a product or a discarded product in order to restore its performance or functionality within the intended use and range of performance originally conceived at the design stage at the time of the placing of the product on the market. ESPR Art 2(18).
source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(18)
subclass of: Product Event

Remanufacturing
type: Class
comment: Actions through which a new product is produced from objects that are waste, products or components and through which at least one change is made that substantially affects the safety, performance, purpose or type of the product. ESPR Art 2(16).
source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(16)
subclass of: Product Event

Repair
type: Class
comment: Actions taken to return a defective product or waste to a condition where it fulfils its intended purpose. ESPR Art 2(20).
source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(20)
subclass of: Product Event

Upgrading
type: Class
comment: Actions carried out to enhance the functionality, performance, capacity, safety or aesthetics of a product. ESPR Art 2(17).
source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781; Art 2(17)
subclass of: Product Event

active
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object is active and in normal use following the event.

available
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object is available for use, sale, or processing following the event.

commissioning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to the creation or initial introduction of objects into the system.

damaged
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object is damaged following the event.

destroyed
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object has been destroyed and is no longer usable.

destroying
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to the destruction of objects.

disposed
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object has been disposed of following the event.

expired
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object has reached its expiration date.

in transit
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object is in transit between locations following the event.

inspecting
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to inspecting objects for quality or compliance.

loading
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to loading objects onto a transport or container.

other
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to a business step not explicitly covered by the predefined categories.

packing
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to packing objects into a container or packaging hierarchy.

recalled
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object has been recalled from the market or supply chain.

receiving
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to receiving objects at a location.

repackaging
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to repackaging objects into new packaging configurations.

repairing
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to repairing objects to restore their functionality.

reserved
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object is reserved and not available for general use or sale.

retail selling
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to selling objects to end consumers.

returned
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object has been returned following the event.

sellable accessible
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object is sellable and physically accessible.

sellable not accessible
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object is sellable but not physically accessible.

shipping
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to shipping objects from one location to another.

stocking
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to placing objects into stock or inventory.

stolen
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the object has been stolen.

storing
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to storing objects at a location.

transporting
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to transporting objects between locations.

unknown
type: NamedIndividual
type: Disposition
comment: Indicates that the state of the object is unknown following the event.

unloading
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to unloading objects from a transport or container.

unpacking
type: NamedIndividual
type: Business Step
comment: Indicates that the event corresponds to removing objects from a container or packaging hierarchy.

Has granularity
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Defines the granularity of an identifier, if exists.
domain: Identifier
range: Identifier granularity

Identifier
type: Class
comment: Identifier. A general class to hold different kinds of identifiers described and used for EU DPP CO. Each sub-class of this class describes a different kind of identifier. Intentionally modelled as sub-classes. Identifiers have value, and a scheme/standard they are based on. Cardinatlity restrictions added to each subclass to enforce inheritance of the data propertyy identifierValue.

Identifier granularity
type: Class
comment: The granularity of the identifier. For example, for Productys this could be model, batch, item.

Has scheme
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The scheme/standard the Identifier follows
domain: Identifier
range: Identifier scheme

Identifier scheme
type: Class
comment: The scheme or standard

Identifier example value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Example value of the identifier
domain: Identifier scheme
range: string

Identifier expires on
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Identifier
range: date

Identifier issued on
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Identifier
range: date

Identifier maximum length
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Maximum length of the identifier
domain: Identifier scheme
range: integer

Identifier minimum length
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Minimum length of the identifier
domain: Identifier scheme
range: integer

Identifier pattern
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A pattern the identifier conforms to, given as a regular expression (regex).
domain: Identifier scheme
range: string

Identifier scheme issuer
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Issuer of the identifier scheme
domain: Identifier scheme
range: string

Identifier value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The (unique) value of the identifier.
domain: Identifier
range: string

Identifier scheme version
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Reference standard version the instance schema refers to
domain: Identifier scheme
range: string

Actor identifier scheme
type: Class
subclass of: Identifier scheme
disjoint with: Material identifier scheme
disjoint with: Product identifier scheme

Substance of concern identifier
type: Class
subclass of: Identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: Identifier value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string

Material identifier scheme
type: Class
subclass of: Identifier scheme
disjoint with: Product identifier scheme

Product identifier scheme
type: Class
subclass of: Identifier scheme

Product identifier granularity
type: Class
subclass of: Identifier granularity
equivalent class: Class
  one of: batch
  one of: item
  one of: model

batch
type: NamedIndividual
type: Product identifier granularity
comment: According to ESPR Art 9 (2d) the digital product passport is to be established at model, batch or item level, and the definition of such levels is given by delegated acts;

item
type: NamedIndividual
type: Product identifier granularity
comment: According to ESPR Art 9 (2d) the digital product passport is to be established at model, batch or item level, and the definition of such levels is given by delegated acts;

model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Product identifier granularity
comment: According to ESPR Art 9 (2d) the digital product passport is to be established at model, batch or item level, and the definition of such levels is given by delegated acts;

CAS
type: NamedIndividual
type: Material identifier scheme
comment: CAS Number (Chemical Abstracts Service)
alternative label: Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
Identifier example value: 7732-18-5
Identifier maximum length: 12
Identifier minimum length: 7

EORI
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EU). This is the EU’s official identifier for companies involved in import/export. Mandatory for any company trading with the EU. Used in customs declarations Unique per company Format: country code + number (e.g., DE123456789) This is the most widely used identifier for economic operators in EU trade.
label: https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/customs-procedures-import-and-export/customs-operations/economic-operators-registration-and-identification-number-eori_en
alternative label: Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EU
Identifier example value: DE123456789012345
Identifier maximum length: 17
Identifier minimum length: 8

GLN
type: NamedIndividual
type: Actor identifier scheme
comment: A globally unique identifier defined by GS1 used to identify legal entities, functional entities, and physical locations within business and supply chain processes. Typically identifies: legal entities, functional entities (departments), physical locations (warehouses, sites).
alternative label: Global Location Number
Identifier example value: 9501101530003
Identifier maximum length: 13
Identifier minimum length: 13
Identifier scheme issuer: GS1

GTIN
type: DatatypeProperty
type: NamedIndividual
type: Product identifier scheme
comment: A globally unique identifier for trade items, defined by GS1, used to identify products at various packaging levels.
comment: Global Trade Identification Number as provided for in standard ISO/IEC 15459-6 or equivalent of products or their parts.
references: ESPR Annex III (c)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Product
range: string
alternative label: Global Trade Item Number
Identifier example value: 14006381333938
Identifier maximum length: 14
Identifier minimum length: 8
Identifier scheme issuer: GS1

LEI
type: NamedIndividual
type: Actor identifier scheme
comment: A Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) is a globally unique 20-character alphanumeric code that identifies legally distinct entities participating in financial transactions, as defined by ISO 17442. A 20‑character code used globally for financial and regulatory reporting. Required for companies involved in financial transactions. Used by regulators, banks, customs, and some trade systems.
Identifier example value: 529900T8BM49AURSDO55
Identifier maximum length: 20
Identifier minimum length: 20
Identifier scheme issuer: ISO

SKU
type: NamedIndividual
type: Product identifier scheme
comment: A Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) is an internal identifier assigned by an organization to uniquely identify and track a product, item, or variant within its own inventory and management systems.
alternative label: Stock Keeping Unit
Identifier example value: ABC-RED-XL
Identifier maximum length: 50
Identifier minimum length: 1

Has material origin
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Assigns material origin to material used for product
domain: Material of composition
range: Origin of material

Origin of material
type: Class
comment: Origin of the material used in product [ESPR Annex I]
references: [ESPR Annex I]
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
equivalent class: Class
  one of: raw
  one of: recycled
  one of: renewable

Has material type
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links material to its type in some classification system used by the sector.
domain: Material of composition
range: Material type

Material type
type: Class
comment: Placeholder class for material type classification applicable in a sector or mandated by a delegated act (DA). Potential types could be, on the example of textile sector: cotton, nylon, ...

Critical raw material
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Product parameters: use or content of recycled materials and recovery of materials, including critical raw materials; [ESPR Annex I h)]
references: [ESPR Annex I h)]
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Material of composition
range: boolean

Part of product material is in
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The specific part of the Product this material belongs to. Description. For example, in case of a textile product: [Main, Lining, Filling].
domain: Material of composition
range: string

Recyclable material
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Product parameters: design for recycling, ease and quality of recycling as expressed through use of easily recyclable materials [ESPR Art 5 (1n), Annex I d)]
references: ESPR Art 5 (1n), Annex I d)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Material of composition
range: boolean

Sustainale or renewable material
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Product parameters: use or content of sustainable renewable materials; [ESPR Annex I i)]
references: ESPR Annex I i)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Material of composition
range: boolean

Material percentage
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Material percentage in a Product, e.g., mass fraction (percentage by weight).
domain: Material of composition
range: decimal

Recycled content amount in material
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Percentage of recycled content
domain: Material of composition
range: decimal

raw
type: NamedIndividual
type: Origin of material
comment: Raw material

recycled
type: NamedIndividual
type: Origin of material
comment: Recycled material

renewable
type: NamedIndividual
type: Origin of material
comment: Renewable material

Applies to product
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The property links DPP and the Product.
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: Product
inverse of: Has DPP

Has DPP
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A Product has a DPP. The property links a Product with a DPP.
domain: Product
range: Digital Product Passport (DPP)

Has measurement unit
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Linking quantitative property to the unit of measurement.
domain: Quantitative Property
range: Unit of measurement

Quantitative Property
type: Class
comment: A property (respectively measurand of a property) of the product (model) that is expressed by a quantity value. A specific quantity.
subclass of: Property

Unit of measurement
type: Class
comment: Measurement unit defining the magnitude of the quantity in respect to the value. si:MeasurementUnit class is reused

Has product group
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Product group means a set of products that serve similar purposes and are similar in terms of use, or have similar functional properties, and are similar in terms of consumer perception (ESPR Art 2 (4)). The product group or groups covered are given by delegated acts. (ESPR Art 8 (a)) This will be probably a classification code from some product classification scheme .
references: ESPR Art 2 (4)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Product
range: ClassificationCode

ClassificationCode
type: Class
comment: A classification code from some product classification scheme .

Has property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Product has a property that could be a document or some measurable properties (measurands). Linking the product to the property.
domain: Product
range: Property

Property
type: Class
comment: A property of the product.

Is component of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: A product is a component of another product. ‘component’ means a product intended to be incorporated into another product; [ESPR Art 2(2)]
references: ESPR Art 2(2)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Product
range: Product

Is spare part of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A product is a spare part of another product.
references: ESPR Annex I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Product
range: Product

Classification code set
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The product classification code set. See also Produc hasProductGroup ClassificationCode documentation.
domain: ClassificationCode
range: anyURI

Classification code value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Classification code value from the Classification code set.
domain: ClassificationCode
range: string

Commodity code
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Relevant commodity codes, such as a TARIC code as defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87.[ESPR Annex III (d)]
references: ESPR Annex III (d)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Product
range: string

Content type
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Content type of a document. Can be only “application” or “pdf”.
domain: Document
range: Datatype
  one of: application
  one of: pdf

Description
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Product description
domain: Product
range: string

Dictionary reference
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The reference to the unique identifier of the data point specification defined in the repository/data dictionary. It is formatted as a URI/URL .
domain: Property
range: string

DPP status
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The status of the DPP instance as digital resource.
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: Datatype
  one of: Active
  one of: Archived
  one of: Inactive
  one of: Invalid

Granularity
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: ESPR Art 9 (2) d declares that the digital product passport is to be established at model, batch or item level, and the definition of such levels (is determined by delegated acts (DA)); The product passport should be defined at the level of item, batch or product model, depending on specific needs and complexity of the value chain, the size, nature or impacts of the products considered. (Standardisation Request 5423 7)
references: ESPR Art 9 (2) d
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: Datatype
  one of: batch
  one of: item
  one of: model

Is energy related Product
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Energy related product means any product that has an impact on energy consumption during use. (ESPR Art 2 (4)). The boolean data type property indicates is a Product energy related or not?
references: ESPR Art 2 (4)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Product
range: boolean

Last update
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date and time of the latest update to the DPP instance.
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: dateTimeStamp

Link to previous DPP
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Where a new digital product passport is created for a product that already has a digital product passport, the new digital product passport shall be linked to the original digital product passport or passports. (ESPR Art 11 (d))
references: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
references: ESPR Art 11 (d)
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: anyURI

Numerical value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The numerical value of the quantity, i.e., quantitative property of the product.
domain: Quantitative Property
range: decimal

Product image
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: An image of the product.
domain: Product
range: anyURI

Product name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Product name
domain: Product
range: string

Tolerance
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Engineering tolerance is the permissible variation in measurements deriving from the base measurement. Tolerances can apply to many different units.
domain: Quantitative Property
range: double

Valid from
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date and timestamp that the DPP is valid from.
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: dateTimeStamp

Valid until
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date and timestamp that the DPP is valid until.
domain: Digital Product Passport (DPP)
range: dateTimeStamp

Value related to the document
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Contains the data of the value encapsulated in the Document. Value is xsd:string that is formatted as a URL, where to fetch the file.
domain: Document
range: string

Weblink
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Web link to an instruction document or video etc.
domain: DigitalInstruction
range: anyURI

DigitalInstruction
type: Class
comment: Digital instructions mean instructions in digital format concerning the product (‘digital instructions’) in a language that can be easily understood. ESPR Art 27(7) Digital instructions are ensured by manufacturers. These should also ensured by importers. (ESPR Art 29(4)) This class can be extended/specialised according to delegated acts or industry standards.
references: ESPR Art 27(7)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Document

Carbon Footprint
type: Class
comment: Carbon footprint means the sum of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas removals in a product system, expressed as CO equivalents and based on a life cycle assessment using the single impact category of climate change. (ESPR Art 2 25)) This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
comment: means the sum of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas removals in a product system, expressed as CO equivalents and based on a life cycle assessment using the single impact category of climate change. (ESPR Art 2 25))
label: Carbon footprint
references: ESPR Art 2 (25)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Environmental Footprint
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Impact result
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasImpactCategory
    has value: Climate change, total

Environmental Footprint
type: Class
comment: Environmental footprint means a quantification of the environmental impacts resulting from a product throughout its life cycle, whether in relation to a single environmental impact category or an aggregated set of impact categories based on the Product Environmental Footprint method established by Recommendation (EU) 2 021/2279 or other scientific methods developed by international organisations, widely tested in collaboration with different industry sectors and adopted or implemented by the Commission in other Union law. (ESPR Art 2 (24)). Product parameters list ESPR Annex I (m) The environmental footprint of the product, expressed as a quantification; This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
comment: A comprehensive quantification of all environmental impacts resulting from a product throughout its life cycle. EnvironmentalFootprint may cover a single impact category or an aggregated set of categories according to the Product Environmental Footprint method (ESPR Art. 2(24)).
label: Environmental footprint
references: ESPR Art 2 (24)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Quantitative Property
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Impact result
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasImpactCategory
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: hasImpactType
      has value: Environmental Impact

Circular Economy Indicator
type: Class
comment: Circular Economy indicators are measures for relevant monitoring the transition to a circular economy and to measure the effects of new policy and trends. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Quantitative Property

Concentration of the substance of concern
type: Class
comment: The concentration of the substances of concern, at the level of the product, its relevant components, or spare parts ESPR Art 7(5)
references: ESPR Art 7(5)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Quantitative Property

Durability
type: Class
comment: Durability means the ability of a product to maintain over time its function and performance under specified conditions of use, maintenance and repair. (ESPR Art 2 (22)) This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
references: ESPR Art 2 (22)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Quality indicator

Quality indicator
type: Class
comment: Product characteristics like durability and reliability. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Quantitative Property

Emission to air
type: Class
comment: Product parameters are listed in the ESPR Annex I : (q) emissions to air, water or soil released in one or more lifecycle stages of the product as expressed through quantities and nature of emissions, including noise. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
references: ESPR Annex I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Environmental emission

Environmental emission
type: Class
comment: Emission is the act or amount of sending out gas, heat, light, etc. It can also refer to harmful substances that are released into the environment, especially carbon dioxide. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Environmental pollution

Emission to soil
type: Class
comment: Product parameters are listed in the ESPR Annex I : (q) emissions to air, water or soil released in one or more lifecycle stages of the product as expressed through quantities and nature of emissions, including noise. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
references: ESPR Annex I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Environmental emission

Emission to water
type: Class
comment: Product parameters are listed in the ESPR Annex I : (q) emissions to air, water or soil released in one or more lifecycle stages of the product as expressed through quantities and nature of emissions, including noise. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
references: ESPR Annex I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Environmental emission

Energy consumption
type: Class
comment: Energy consumption of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Resource consumption

Resource consumption
type: Class
comment: Resource consumption of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Quantitative Property

Environmental pollution
type: Class
comment: Environmental pollution is the addition of any substance or form of energy to the environment at a rate faster than it can be dispersed or safely stored. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Quantitative Property

Hazardous waste amount
type: Class
comment: Hazardous waste amount of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Waste generation amount

Waste generation amount
type: Class
comment: Waste generation amount of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Quantitative Property

Height
type: Class
comment: Height of the product
subclass of: Product dimension

Product dimension
type: Class
comment: Dimension class covers measurements of length, width, height, volume, and weight of the product required by ESPR Annex I in its product parameters
references: ESPR Annex I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Quantitative Property

Land use
type: Class
comment: Land use of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Resource consumption

Length
type: Class
comment: Length of the product
subclass of: Product dimension

Material Footprint
type: Class
comment: Material footprint refers to the total amount of raw materials extracted to meet final consumption demands. (ESPR Art 2 (26)) This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
comment: refers to the total amount of raw materials extracted to meet final consumption demands. (ESPR Art 2 (26)).
label: Material footprint
references: ESPR Art 2 (26)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Environmental Footprint
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Flow result
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasFlowType
    has value: Material

Microplastic release
type: Class
comment: Product parameters as listed in the ESPR Annex I : (p) microplastic and nano plastic release as expressed through the release during relevant product life cycle stages, including manufacturing, transport, use and end of life stages; This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
references: ESPR Annex I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Plastic release

Plastic release
type: Class
comment: Product parameters as listed in the ESPR Annex I : (p) microplastic and nano plastic release as expressed through the release during relevant product life cycle stages, including manufacturing, transport, use and end of life stages; This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
references: ESPR Annex I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Environmental pollution

Nanoplastic release
type: Class
comment: Product parameters as listed in the ESPR Annex I : (p) microplastic and nano plastic release as expressed through the release during relevant product life cycle stages, including manufacturing, transport, use and end of life stages; This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
references: ESPR Annex I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Plastic release

Packaging waste amount
type: Class
comment: Packaging waste amount of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Waste generation amount

Plastics waste amount
type: Class
comment: Hazardous waste amount of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Waste generation amount

Product to packaging ratio
type: Class
comment: ESPR Annex I, the list of product parameters includes the parameter called the product to packaging ratio. However, it is not specified in ESPR whether that ratio is defined on the basis of weight or on the basis of volume. **This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.**
references: ESPR Annex I
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Quantitative Property

Recoverable rate
type: Class
comment: This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Circular Economy Indicator

Recycled materials use
type: Class
comment: Recycled materials use of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Resource consumption

Recycling collection rate
type: Class
comment: This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Circular Economy Indicator

Recycling rate
type: Class
comment: This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Circular Economy Indicator

Reliability
type: Class
comment: Reliability means the probability that a product functions as required under given conditions for a given duration without an occurrence which results in a primary or secondary function of the product no longer being performed. (ESPR Art 2 (16)) Reliability is usually expressed in terms of mean time between failures (MTBF), which is the average length of time that a device will operate without failure. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
references: ESPR Art 2 (16)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
subclass of: Quality indicator

Sustainable renewable materials use
type: Class
comment: Sustainable renewable materials use of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Resource consumption

Threshold of substance of concern
type: Class
comment: Relevant threshold of Substance of Concern. By default, information on all substances of concern present in a product, above the relevant thresholds, should be included in the DPP [ESPR FAQ 10.115, p59]
references: ESPR FAQ 10.115, p59
source: https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/418195ae-4919-45fa-a959-3b695c9aab28/library/25c48e7c-9ce3-41cb-96ac-d2942a8a29d6/details
subclass of: Quantitative Property

Volume
type: Class
comment: Volume of the product
subclass of: Product dimension

Water consumption
type: Class
comment: Water consumption of the product. This class description needs to be extended/specialised according to the corresponding delegated acts or/and industry standards.
subclass of: Resource consumption

Weight
type: Class
comment: Weight of the product
subclass of: Product dimension

Width
type: Class
comment: Width of the product
subclass of: Product dimension

comment: The EU DPP core ontology

Has concentration
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Defines the the concentration, maximum concentration or concentration range of the substances of concern, at the level of the product, its relevant components, or spare parts; ESPR Art 7(5)
references: ESPR Art 7(5)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Substance of concern
range: Concentration of the substance of concern

Concentration of the substance of concern
type: Class
comment: The concentration of the substances of concern, at the level of the product, its relevant components, or spare parts ESPR Art 7(5)
references: ESPR Art 7(5)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj

Has life cycle stage
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Describes the life cycle stage during which the Substance of Concern occurs for product (used during production, resulting being in product, in waste); ESPR Annex I (f). Known issue: Range is some type of an Event, not yet present in the EU DPP CO.
references: ESPR Annex I (f)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Substance of concern

Has threshold
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Describes relevant threshold of Substance of Concern. By default, information on all substances of concern present in a product, above the relevant thresholds, should be included in the DPP [ESPR FAQ 10.115, p59]
references: ESPR FAQ 10.115, p59
source: https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/418195ae-4919-45fa-a959-3b695c9aab28/library/25c48e7c-9ce3-41cb-96ac-d2942a8a29d6/details
domain: Substance of concern
range: Threshold of substance of concern

Threshold of substance of concern
type: Class
comment: Relevant threshold of Substance of Concern. By default, information on all substances of concern present in a product, above the relevant thresholds, should be included in the DPP [ESPR FAQ 10.115, p59]
references: ESPR FAQ 10.115, p59
source: https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/418195ae-4919-45fa-a959-3b695c9aab28/library/25c48e7c-9ce3-41cb-96ac-d2942a8a29d6/details

Abbreviation
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The abbreviation used for the Substance of Concern; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
domain: Substance of concern
range: string
sub property of: Other names

Other names
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Other names, including usual name, trade name, abbreviation; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
references: ESPR Article 7(5)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Substance of concern
range: string

Has impact on environment
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Describes the impacts of Substance of Concern on environment; ESPR Annex I (f)
references: ESPR Annex I (f)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Substance of concern
range: string

Has impact on human health
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Describes the impacts of Substance of Concern on human health; ESPR Annex I (f)
references: ESPR Annex I (f)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Substance of concern
range: string

CAS name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) name, if available; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
references: ESPR Article 7(5)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Substance of concern
range: string

IUPAC name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Name in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature, or another international name when IUPAC name is not available [ESPR Article 7(5)]
references: ESPR Article 7(5)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Substance of concern
range: string

CAS number
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number, if available; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
references: ESPR Article 7(5)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Substance of concern
range: string

EC number
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: EXAMPLES: Mercurous Oxide EC Number: 239-934-0 CAS Number: 15829-53-5
comment: European Community (EC) number, as indicated in the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS), the European List of Notified Chemical Substances (ELINCS) or the No Longer Polymer (NLP) list or the number assigned by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), if available and appropriate [ESPR Article 7(5)]
references: ESPR Article 7(5)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Substance of concern
range: string

Location of substance
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Location of the substance in the product; ESPR Art 7(5)
references: ESPR Article 7(5)
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
domain: Substance of concern
range: string

Trade name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The trade name under which the Substance of Concern is known; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
domain: Substance of concern
range: string
sub property of: Other names

Usual name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The usual name under which the Substance of Concern is known; [ESPR Article 7(5)]
domain: Substance of concern
range: string
sub property of: Other names

Substance
type: Class
comment: Means a chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process, including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process used, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition; ESPR Art 2, Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
references: ESPR Art 2
references: Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj
source: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2006/1907/oj

according to
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Property defining specifies conformity assess procedure/cerfication scheme underlying the cerfificate.
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#art_4 Decision No 768/2008/EC Art 4
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_43 ESPR Art 43
domain: Conformity Certificate
range: Conformity Assessment Module

allows Conformity Assessment Module
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property that specifies the conformity assment procedure applicable to the type of product
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#art_4 Decision No 768/2008/EC Art 4
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_43 ESPR Art 43
domain: Union Harmonised Legislation
range: Conformity Assessment Module

conformity declared to
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property which specifies which Union Harmonisation Legislation conformity is declared to.
source: ESPR Annex V
domain: EU Declaration of Conformity
range: Union Harmonised Legislation

has Union Harmonisation Legislation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A property providing the Union Harmonisation Legislation refered to in the EU Declaration of Conformity.
source: ESPR Annex V, (5)
domain: EU Declaration of Conformity
range: Union Harmonised Legislation

used for presumtion of conformity
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This property specifies which harmonised standards (or parts thereof) was used to assess conformity with the Union harmonistation legislation.
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_I Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex I Art R8
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj/#art_41 ESPR Art 41
domain: Product Requirement
range: Union Harmonised Legislation

Product Requirement
type: Class
comment: Product requirements means a requirement to be fullfilled by a product when placed on the market.

assigned ELI
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Standardised identification that makes it easier to identify and describe legislation across Europe.
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli-register/what_is_eli.html
domain: Union Harmonised Legislation
range: anyURI

certificateNumber
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Number of the certificate
source: certificate number
domain: Conformity Certificate
range: string

certificate revision number
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Number of the revision of a certificate
domain: Conformity Certificate
range: string

Common Specification
type: Class
comment: Common specification means ecodesign requirements, essential requirements for digital product passports or test, measurement or calculation methods established by implementing acts adopted by the Commission for products covered by delegated acts pursuant to ESPR Article 4.
source: ESPR Art 42, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj#art_42
subclass of: Technical Specification

Technical Specification
type: Class
comment: Technical specification means a document that prescribes technical requirements to be fulfilled by a product, process, service or system and which lays down one or more of the following: Common Specification or Other Technical Specification.
source: Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 Art 2 (4) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32012R1025#art_2
subclass of: Product Requirement

Harmonised Standard
type: Class
comment: Harmonised Standard means a European standard adopted on the basis of a request made by the Commission for the application of Union harmonisation legislation.
source: Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 Art 2 (1c), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32012R1025#art_2
subclass of: Product Requirement

Other Technical Specification
type: Class
comment: Other technical specifications in relation to which conformity is declared.
source: ESPR Annex V, (6)
subclass of: Technical Specification

module A
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module A Internal production control
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module A1
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module A1. Internal production control plus supervised product testing
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II

module A2
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module A2 Internal production control plus supervised product checks at random intervals
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module B
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module B EC-type examination
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module C
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module C Conformity to type based on internal production control
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module C1
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module C1 Conformity to type based on internal production control plus supervised product testing
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module C2
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module C2 Conformity to type based on internal production control plus supervised product checks at random intervals
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II

module D
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module D Conformity to EU-type based on quality assurance of the production process
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module D1
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module D1 Quality assurance of the production process
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module E
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module E Conformity to EU-type based on product quality assurance
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module E1
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module E1 Quality assurance of final product inspection and testing
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module F
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module F Conformity to EU-type based on product verification
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II

module F1
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module F1 Conformity based on product verification
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module G
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module G Conformity based on unit verification
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module H
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC moduleH Conformity based on full quality assurance
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

module H1
type: NamedIndividual
type: Conformity Assessment Module
comment: Decision No 768/2008/EC module H1 Conformity based on full quality assurance plus design examination
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2008/768(1)/oj#anx_II Decision No 768/2008/EC Annex II
source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=oj:JOC_2022_247_R_0001 Commission notice The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules 2022 Annex 4

The LCA module of the EU regulatory compliant Digital Product Passport (EU DPP LCA)
type: Ontology
created: 2026-04-03
creator: Fatima Danash
description: The LCA module provides classes and properties for representing life-cycle-assessment related information of the digital passport data of some product. DEPENDENCIES: This module has dependencies to the product EU DPP Core Ontology modules: P_DPP.
issued: 2026-04-30
comment: The LCA module of an EU DPP core ontology proposed by the CIRPASS-2 European project. "This module extends the LCAnet Impact Assessment module (https://w3id.org/lcanet/ia, Danash et al.) developped in the context of the SmartACV Carnot project (CEA List) with additional classes and properties for DPP modeling within the Cirpass-2 project. Original module published under CC BY 4.0."""
label: EU DPP LCA
version info: 2.0
license: LICENSE-2.0
license: This ontology is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. In case of dispute over Apache 2.0 applicability, or in case considering the ontology as a document, this ontology document is to be considered licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
preferred namespace prefix: lca
bibliographic citation: https://zenodo.org/records/15270342
version IRI: https://w3id.org/eudpp/LCA/2.0

Impact Category Indicator
type: Class
comment: An impact category refers to a specific metric/measurable quantity that is used to quantify an impact category. (LCAnet Ontology, SmartACV Project, Version 1.0, 2025) Examples include: Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP).

Impact Category
type: Class
comment: An impact category represents a specific environmental issue that the LCA aims to assess, such as global warming or ozone depletion. Each category aggregates the effects of different emissions that contribute to the same environmental problem. (LCAnet Ontology, SmartACV Project, Version 1.0, 2025) An impact category is classified as whether is corresponds to environmental impact, social impact, etc.

Characterization Model
type: Class
comment: A characterization model provides a mathematical framework, as a set of equations, to quantify an impact category based on the chosen method. A characterization model is used by a method. (LCAnet Ontology, SmartACV Project, Version 1.0, 2025) Example: IPCC (2021) AR6.

Characterization Factor
type: Class
comment: Also called Impact factors, are factors that quantify the relative impact of different substances within the same category. These factors are used to convert the number of emissions into impact scores for each category. (LCAnet Ontology, SmartACV Project, Version 1.0, 2025)

LCA result
type: Class
comment: A measurable outcome of a life cycle assessment, representing the quantified effect of a product.

Life Cycle Stage
type: Class
comment: A phase in the life cycle of a product, from raw material acquisition through production, use, and end-of-life, in accordance with life cycle concepts defined in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044

Flow result
type: Class
comment: A type of LCAResult that quantifies the flows of materials, energy, or emissions associated with a product
subclass of: LCA result
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: LCA result
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasFlowType
    some values from: Flow Type

Flow Type
type: Class
comment: A category representing the type of flow quantified in a life cycle assessment. It is used to classify FlowResults according to the kind of resource or emission being measured.

Impact result
type: Class
subclass of: LCA result
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: LCA result
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasImpactCategory
    some values from: Impact Category
description: A type of LCAResult that quantifies the effect of a product on a specific impact category, such as climate change, human toxicity, or eutrophication

Impact Type
type: Class
comment: A category representing the type of an impact category measured in a life cycle assessment. Each ImpactType classifies ImpactCategories according to the area of concern, such as environmental, social, economic, or human health.

Methodology
type: Class
comment: Related LCIA methods can be grouped under LCIA methodologies. (ILCD Handbook, General guidance). Examples of methodologies include EN15804+A2, EF v3.1, Impact World.

Method
type: Class
comment: LCIA methods allow to transform and aggregate emissions to the environment and resource use data into a limited set of interpretable and reportable impact potential scores. (Adapted from LCAnet Ontology, SmartACV Project, Version 1.0, 2025)

numeric value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: LCA result
range: Datatype
  union of: decimal
  union of: double
  union of: float
  union of: integer

Air Pollution Footprint
type: Class
comment: Quantifies the release of airborne pollutants (e.g., particulate matter, photochemical ozone formation) over the life cycle of a product. AirPollutionFootprint is an ImpactResult associated with relevant environmental impact categories.
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Impact result
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Restriction
      on property: hasImpactCategory
      has value: Particulate matter
    union of: Restriction
      on property: hasImpactCategory
      has value: Photochemical ozone formation, human health

Emission Flow
type: Class
comment: A type of flow representing substances released to the environment during a product’s life cycle.
subclass of: Flow Type

Resource Flow
type: Class
comment: A type of flow representing the consumption or use of natural resources throughout a product’s life cycle.
subclass of: Flow Type

Energy Footprint
type: Class
comment: Quantifies the total energy use associated with a product throughout its life cycle, including renewable and non-renewable sources. EnergyFootprint is a FlowResult linked to the Energy FlowType.
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Flow result
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasFlowType
    some values from: EnergyFlow

Eutrophication Footprint
type: Class
comment: Quantifies nutrient enrichment impacts (eutrophication) on freshwater, marine, or terrestrial ecosystems caused by a product during its life cycle. It aggregates relevant ImpactCategories.
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Impact result
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Restriction
      on property: hasImpactCategory
      has value: Eutrophication, freshwater
    union of: Restriction
      on property: hasImpactCategory
      has value: Eutrophication, marine
    union of: Restriction
      on property: hasImpactCategory
      has value: Eutrophication, Terrestial

Fossil Energy Footprint
type: Class
comment: Quantifies the consumption of fossil energy (coal, oil, natural gas) by a product during its life cycle. It is a specialized EnergyFootprint and a FlowResult with FlowType FossilEnergy.
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Flow result
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasFlowType
    has value: fossil

Land Footprint
type: Class
comment: Quantifies the occupation and transformation of land caused by a product throughout its life cycle. LandFootprint is an ImpactResult linked to the LandUse impact category.
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Impact result
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasImpactCategory
    has value: Land use (occupation and transformation)

Ozone Depletion Footprint
type: Class
comment: Quantifies the potential stratospheric ozone layer depletion caused by substances emitted by a product throughout its life cycle. It is an ImpactResult linked to the Ozone Depletion impact category.
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Impact result
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasImpactCategory
    has value: Ozone depletion

Toxicity Footprint
type: Class
comment: Quantifies the potential human health and ecological toxicity impacts of a product over its life cycle. ToxicityFootprint aggregates relevant ImpactCategories such as Human Toxicity (cancer and non-cancer) and Ecotoxicity.
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Impact result
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Restriction
      on property: hasImpactCategory
      has value: Ecotoxicity, freshwater
    union of: Restriction
      on property: hasImpactCategory
      has value: Human toxicity, cancer
    union of: Restriction
      on property: hasImpactCategory
      has value: Human toxicity, non-cancer

Water Footrpint
type: Class
comment: Quantifies the freshwater consumption associated with a product throughout its life cycle. WaterFootprint is a FlowResult linked to the Water FlowType.
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Flow result
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasFlowType
    has value: Water

LOTOS-EUROS model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: (Van Zelm et al, 2008) as applied in ReCiPe 2008

Abiotic resource depletion (ADP ultimate reserves)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Resource use, minerals and metals
has default unit: kg Sb -eq

Resource use, minerals and metals
type: NamedIndividual
type: Flow result
comment: Measures the amount of mineral and metal resources consumed by a product system. Represented as FlowResult of type MineralsAndMetalsFlow. Can be used to calculate the MaterialFootprint.
has flow type: Minerals and Metals

Accumulated Exceedance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: (Seppälä et al. 2006, Posch et al, 2008)
bibliographic citation: (Seppälä et al., 2006, Posch et al, 2008)

Accumulated Exceedance (AE)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Acidification
has default unit: mol H+ -eq
has default unit: mol N -eq

Acidification
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures the potential of a product system's emissions to cause acidification in ecosystems (soil, water, vegetation), mainly from SO₂, NOx, and NH₃ emissions.
has impact type: Environmental Impact

Environmental Impact
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Type

Available WAter REmaining (AWARE) model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: (Boulay et al., 2018; UNEP 2016)

Based on USEtox2.1 model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: (Fantke et al. 2017), adapted as in Saouter et al., 2018

Bern model based on IPCC 2021
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: (Forster et al., 2021)

Biotic resource depletion fossil fuels (ADP-fossil)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Resource use, fossils
has default unit: MJ

Resource use, fossils
type: NamedIndividual
type: Fossil Energy Footprint
comment: Measures the amount of fossil resources consumed by a product system, including coal, oil, and natural gas. Represented as FlowResult of type FossilResourceFlow.

Climate change, total
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
has impact type: Environmental Impact

CML 2002 method, v.4.8
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: van Oers et al., 2002

Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (CTUe)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Ecotoxicity, freshwater
has default unit: CTUe

Ecotoxicity, freshwater
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
has impact type: Environmental Impact

Comparative Toxic Unit for humans (CTUh)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Human toxicity, cancer
assess IC: Human toxicity, non-cancer
has default unit: CTUh

Human toxicity, cancer
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures the potential carcinogenic effects of a product system on humans due to chemical emissions.
has impact type: Health Impact

Human toxicity, non-cancer
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures the potential non-carcinogenic effects of a product system on humans due to chemical emissions.
has impact type: Health Impact

Distribution
type: NamedIndividual
type: Life Cycle Stage
comment: Stage involving transport and distribution of the product to the market.

Economical Impact
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Type

EDIP model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: based on the ODPs of the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) over an infinite time horizon (WMO 2014 + integrations)

End Of Life
type: NamedIndividual
type: Life Cycle Stage
comment: Stage involving disposal, recycling, or recovery of the product.

EUTREND model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: (Struijs et al, 2009) as applied in ReCiPe 2008

Eutrophication, freshwater
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures potential nutrient enrichment of freshwater ecosystems due to emissions of N and P compounds, causing effects such as algal blooms.
has impact type: Environmental Impact

Eutrophication, marine
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures potential nutrient enrichment of marine ecosystems due to emissions of N and P compounds.
has impact type: Environmental Impact

Eutrophication, Terrestial
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures potential nutrient enrichment of terrestrial ecosystems due to nitrogen deposition.

Fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment (P)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Eutrophication, freshwater
has default unit: kg P -eq

Fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment (N)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Eutrophication, marine
has default unit: kg N -eq

Global Warming Potential (GWP100)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Climate change, total
has default unit: kg CO2-eq

Global warming potential (GWP) over a 100-year time horizon
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Factor
calculated by CM: Bern model based on IPCC 2021

Health Impact
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Type

Human exposure efficiency relative to U235
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Ionising radiation, human health
has default unit: kBq U235 -eq

Ionising radiation, human health
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures the potential human health impact of ionizing radiation due to a product system, including exposure to radioactive substances.
has impact type: Health Impact

Human health effect model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: as developed by Dreicer et al., 1995)

Impact on human health
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Particulate matter
has default unit: disease incidence

Particulate matter
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures the potential human health impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted by a product system, including respiratory and cardiovascular effects.
has impact type: Environmental Impact

LANCA model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: Soil quality index based on LANCA model (De Laurentiis et al. 2019) and on the LANCA CF version 2.5 (Horn and Maier, 2018)

Land use (occupation and transformation)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures the potential environmental impact of land occupation and transformation due to a product system, including both the area of land used and its conversion from one type to another.
has impact type: Environmental Impact

Manufacturing
type: NamedIndividual
type: Life Cycle Stage
comment: Stage involving material processing and product manufacturing.

Material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Resource Flow

Methane Emission
type: NamedIndividual
type: Emission Flow

Minerals and Metals
type: NamedIndividual
type: Resource Flow

Ozone depletion
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures the potential reduction of the stratospheric ozone layer caused by emissions of ozone-depleting substances in a product system.
has impact type: Environmental Impact

Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Ozone depletion
has default unit: kg CFC-11-eq

Photochemical ozone formation, human health
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category
comment: Measures the potential human health impact of photochemical ozone formation (smog) due to VOCs and NOx emissions from a product system.
has impact type: Environmental Impact

PM model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Characterization Model
bibliographic citation: (Fantke et al., 2016 in UNEP 2016)

Raw Material Acquisition
type: NamedIndividual
type: Life Cycle Stage
comment: Stage involving extraction and acquisition of raw materials.

Social Impact
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Type

Soil quality index (dimensionless)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Land use (occupation and transformation)

Tropospheric ozone concentration increase
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Photochemical ozone formation, human health
has default unit: kg NMVOC -eq

Use
type: NamedIndividual
type: Life Cycle Stage
comment: Stage during which the product is used by the end user.

User deprivation potential (deprivation-weighted consumption)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Impact Category Indicator
assess IC: Water use
has default unit: m3 world-eq

Water use
type: NamedIndividual
type: Water Footrpint

Water
type: NamedIndividual
type: Resource Flow