OpenEPCIS Battery Vocabulary

Implements EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 Annex XIII requirements: chemistry, capacity, carbon footprint, recycled content, and dynamic State of Health tracking via EPCIS 2.0 sensor events. Aligned with BatteryPass-Ready v1.3 (GEFEG, March 2026) for upcoming conformance testing.

Version 0.9.5https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/eu/battery/

TTL JSON-LD Schema SHACL All Artefacts

Community implementation - not official GS1 guidance

This vocabulary builds on GS1 standards (Digital Link, EPCIS 2.0, Web Vocabulary) but extends them with properties not yet defined by GS1. The GS1 DPP Provisional Standard is still under development. Our extensions may be superseded by official GS1 terms as they emerge. Feedback welcome!

About this vocabulary

The Battery DPP Vocabulary implements Digital Product Passports for the EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542. Batteries are expected to be the first product category requiring mandatory DPPs, with requirements entering into force around February 2027. The vocabulary covers both static product data (chemistry, capacity, material composition) and dynamic measurements (State of Health, temperature) captured via EPCIS 2.0 sensor events.

Built on GS1 Product, Organization, QuantitativeValue, and EPCIS sensorReport, the vocabulary adds battery-specific properties not yet in the GS1 Web Vocabulary: chemistry types, State of Health (SoH), State of Certified Energy (SOCE), carbon footprint breakdowns by lifecycle phase, and recycled content percentages per material. These are based on Annex XIII requirements.

Bridge contexts provide interoperability with BatteryPass/SAMM (Catena-X industry-core-hub). A recycler scanning a used EV battery can access its complete history: original specifications, all SoH measurements over time, temperature excursions, and any negative events.

The vocabulary is aligned with the BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Longlist v1.3 (GEFEG, March 2026 — 100 attributes). The to-batterypass bridge context produces SAMM-shaped passport documents that the GEFEG batterypass-ready test environment (opening June 2026) is expected to accept. v1.3 introduces a new cross-cutting "DPP information" sub-category (schema version, status, granularity, last update) on the dpp: core vocabulary, and adds explicit identifier attributes — battery model identifier, battery serial number, facility identifier — alongside a split between operator/manufacturer identifier and information so the identifier portion can be access-restricted to authorities while the information block remains public.

Class	Description	Subclass Of
BatteryChemistry Battery Chemistry	The electrochemical system of the battery including cathode, anode, and electrolyte materials.	-
BatteryMaterial Battery Material	A material used in battery construction with its composition percentage, CAS/EC identifiers, and sourcing information.	-
CarbonFootprintDeclaration Carbon Footprint Declaration	Carbon footprint declaration for a battery including lifecycle breakdown and third-party verification.	CarbonFootprintDeclaration
DismantlingDocument Dismantling Document	A document supporting battery dismantling, as specified in DIN DKE SPEC 99100.	-
EndOfLifeInfo End of Life Information	Information required for safe handling, dismantling, and recycling at end of battery life.	-
HazardousSubstance Hazardous Substance	A hazardous substance present in the battery, classified per EU CLP Regulation 1272/2008.	-
Label	A label or marking on the battery as required by EU Battery Regulation Annex VI.	-
MaterialRecoveryTarget Material Recovery Target	Recovery rate target or achievement for a specific material.	-
NegativeEvent Negative Event	An adverse event affecting the battery such as accident, damage, or safety incident.	-
PowerCapabilityAtSoC Power Capability at SoC	Power capability measurement at a specific state of charge level (80% or 20%).	-
RecycledContent Recycled Content	Declaration of recycled material content in the battery with pre/post-consumer breakdown.	-
SupplyChainDueDiligence Supply Chain Due Diligence	Supply chain due diligence information as required by EU Battery Regulation Art. 39.	-
TechnicalSpecification Technical Specification	Technical specifications of a battery including capacity, voltage, and performance parameters.	-
TemperatureRange Temperature Range	A temperature range specification with minimum and maximum values for a specific operating context.	-
ThirdPartyVerification Third Party Verification	Third-party verification details for carbon footprint or other certified data.	-

Usage examples

Battery Product Master Data

Complete battery product declaration with chemistry, capacity, and compliance status.

{
  "@context": "https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/eu/battery/battery-context.jsonld",
  "id": "https://id.gs1.org/01/09521234000013/21/BAT2024-001",
  "type": "Product",
  "productName": "LiNMC Battery Pack 5kWh",
  "gtin": "09521234000013",
  "batteryChemistry": "LiNMC",
  "ratedCapacity": {
    "type": "CapacityAmpereHours",
    "value": 100
  },
  "nominalVoltage": {
    "type": "VoltageVolts",
    "value": 48
  }
}

State of Health EPCIS Event

Recording a State of Health measurement with full provenance (who, when, where, how).

{
  "@context": [
    "https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/eu/battery/battery-context.jsonld",
    "https://ref.gs1.org/standards/epcis/epcis-context.jsonld"
  ],
  "type": "ObjectEvent",
  "eventTime": "2025-06-15T14:30:00Z",
  "epcList": ["https://id.gs1.org/01/09521234000013/21/BAT2024-001"],
  "action": "OBSERVE",
  "bizStep": "inspecting",
  "readPoint": { "id": "https://id.gs1.org/414/9521234000204" },
  "sensorElementList": [{
    "sensorReport": [{
      "type": "StateOfHealth",
      "value": 92.5,
      "uom": "P1"
    }]
  }]
}

Carbon Footprint Declaration

Lifecycle carbon footprint with breakdown by manufacturing phase.

{
  "type": "CarbonFootprint",
  "carbonFootprintTotal": 45.2,
  "carbonFootprintUnit": "kg CO2e/kWh",
  "carbonFootprintBreakdown": {
    "rawMaterialExtraction": 18.5,
    "cellManufacturing": 12.3,
    "packAssembly": 8.7,
    "transport": 5.7
  },
  "carbonFootprintStudyUrl": {
    "id": "https://example.com/cfp-study-2025.pdf"
  }
}

Recycled Content Declaration

Declaring recycled content percentages per material as required by EU Battery Regulation.

{
  "type": "RecycledContent",
  "recycledContentCobalt": 16,
  "recycledContentLithium": 6,
  "recycledContentNickel": 6,
  "recycledContentLead": 85,
  "recycledContentSource": "post-consumer",
  "verificationCertificate": {
    "id": "https://example.com/recycled-cert.pdf"
  }
}

BatteryPass-Ready v1.3 SAMM export (excerpt)

SAMM-shaped passport document produced by the to-batterypass bridge context. This is the artifact the GEFEG batterypass-ready test environment (opening June 2026) is expected to validate. v1.3 introduces dpp:schemaVersion / dpp:status / dpp:granularity / dpp:lastUpdate plus explicit identifier attributes for battery model, serial, facility, operator, and manufacturer.

{
  "@context": [
    "https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/eu/battery/battery-context.jsonld",
    "https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/eu/battery/battery-context-batterypass-bridge.jsonld"
  ],
  "dppSchemaVersion": "1.3",
  "dppStatus": "Active",
  "dppGranularity": "ItemLevel",
  "dateTimeOfLatestUpdate": "2026-04-29T08:55:04Z",
  "batteryPassportIdentifier": "https://id.gs1.org/01/09521234000013/21/BAT2024-001",
  "batteryModelIdentifier": "ECO-IM-500",
  "batterySerialNumber": "BAT2024-001",
  "facilityIdentifier": "9521234000013",
  "economicOperatorIdentifier": "9521234000006",
  "manufacturerIdentifier": "9521234000006",
  "batteryCategory": "industrial",
  "batteryCarbonFootprintPerFunctionalUnit": 65.3,
  "carbonFootprintPerformanceClass": "B"
}

Example files

Complete JSON-LD documents shipped with the vocabulary. Click a file to view the raw payload.

Master data & product examples

battery-product.jsonld
batterypass-v1.3.jsonld
Reference BatteryPass-Ready v1.3 passport document for the same battery instance shown in
regulatory-notification.jsonld
B2B message for sharing Battery Regulation compliance status between supply chain partners. Uses gs1:RegulatoryNotification pattern aligned with GS1 EUDR Standard. GS1 demo prefix 952 (7-digit GCP: 9521234).

EPCIS 2.0 events

Quick start

Import the battery context and use GS1 Digital Link URIs as identifiers. Declare chemistry using the BatteryChemistry enumeration, add CarbonFootprint with lifecycle breakdown for Article 7, and use EPCIS sensor events for dynamic data like State of Health. Declare the extension via the GS1-Extensions header so an OpenEPCIS EPCIS Repository activates battery-specific validation and Annex XIII query shortcuts.

Context URL

https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/eu/battery/battery-context.jsonld

{
  "@context": "https://ref.openepcis.io/extensions/eu/battery/battery-context.jsonld",
  "id": "https://id.gs1.org/01/09521234000013/21/BAT2024-001",
  "type": "Product",
  "batteryChemistry": "LiNMC",
  "ratedCapacity": {
    "type": "CapacityAmpereHours",
    "value": 100
  }
}

Regulatory context

EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 — The primary regulation requiring Digital Product Passports for batteries from February 2027
BatteryPass-Ready Data Attribute Longlist v1.3 — GEFEG-led conformance reference (March 2026, 100 attributes). The public test environment at batterypass-ready.gefeg.com opens June 2026; this vocabulary's to-batterypass bridge produces documents expected to satisfy that harness.
ESPR 2024/1781 — Framework regulation - batteries are the first priority product category under ESPR

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